Plenary

The next item is the business statement and announcement. I call on the Trefnydd to make the statement—Lesley Griffiths.

Diolch, Llywydd. I've added two statements to today's agenda. The Minister for Health and Social Services will make a statement update on coronavirus, and the Deputy Minister for Climate Change will make a statement: 'Roads review'. Draft business for the next three weeks is set out on the business statement and announcement, which can be found amongst the meeting papers available to Members electronically.

Minister, can you make a statement on when the restrictive regulations for private dentists and, no doubt, all other dentists in Wales will be eased to allow them to deal with the huge and growing need for dental services following the last difficult 15 months?

Thank you. Well, this is something where, obviously, the health Minister will be talking to the relevant dental associations. I know that some dentists are doing increasingly more work, but as we see how the delta variant continues to unfortunately spread in Wales, I think some dentists have had to take a step back. But, at the most appropriate time, obviously, guidance and more information will be given.

Trefnydd, on 25 June, we will mark Go Green Day, and the focus of the campaign is on tropical deforestation. That might sound like something that's far away, but the planet, as I'm sure you are aware, loses an area of forest every year equivalent to nine times the size of Wales because of our consumption of palm oil, soy, coffee, the paper that we write with, the timber that we build with. So, I'd like a Government statement please setting out what steps the Welsh Government is taking to make our nation deforestation-free, because our shopping habits depend on supply chains that choke the lungs of the world? I'd like the statement to address whether the Welsh Government's economic contract will require signatories to commit to deforestation-free supply chains, whether you'll press the UK Government to require companies to follow due diligence legislation around their supply chains. And, finally, but by no means least, Trefnydd, I'd like the statement to set out what support will be made available to producer nations—those forest communities in the Amazon and across the world—who've seen their cultures nearly destroyed because of our greed and our ambivalence.

Thank you. The Member raises a very important issue, and certainly, when I had responsibility for this in the previous term of Government, it was a piece of work that we were doing with the UK Government to see what more could be done.

You'll be aware that the Minister for Climate Change, along with the Deputy Minister for Climate Change, are currently doing a deep dive around tree planting, which I know is a separate but obviously significant issue in relation to this. I'm not sure if this is an area that they are looking at, but, if they are, and they have further information, we can bring a statement forward.

Trefnydd, please could we have a statement from Welsh Government on the action that's being taken to ensure period dignity, and in particular on when Ministers expect to be able to bring forward their period dignity strategic action plan? I welcome the £3.3 million that Welsh Government has again allocated to this issue, and also the commitment in the programme for government, but I'm keen to see publication of the action plan so that we can make sure we take a holistic approach to period dignity.

Thank you very much. I think it's fair to say that progress on the plan has been slower than we initially hoped for, due to the impact of the COVID pandemic. But work is under way to ensure that we do have a draft period dignity strategic action plan refreshed, and that will be published again later this year.

There is a whole raft of cross-Welsh Government commitments in that plan, and that includes encouraging the use of eco-friendly period products, embedding period dignity in schools and in both further and higher education establishments—and that's through the provision of free products and appropriate learning resources—and also enabling provision in more health settings and setting out an ambition to progress provision of period products by employers, businesses and facilities to become the norm. And you'll be aware that, previously, the Welsh Government gave significant funding to local authorities, so that each local authority could do what was right for their local populace.

Business Minister, it's important that we now try to bring a sense of normality back to our country in terms of coronavirus restrictions and dealing with this pandemic. That sense of normality is particularly important for our young people, ensuring that they have as much in-school learning as possible, for all the benefits I've previously outlined in this Chamber. Yet, this week, in a whole school, in Greenhill School in Tenby, now the learners are being taught online due to COVID worries. We need a sustainable pathway, Business Minister, for dealing with coronavirus in our schools. So, can the education Minister make a statement on what new measures he'd be looking at, and Government are looking at, to ensure that children are in school learning for the maximum amount of time, as whole-school year groups going off and whole schools closing is not a sustainable way forward, due to the importance of in-school learning for learners and the disruption that being at home is causing parents? Thank you.

Thank you. I absolutely agree that in-school learning is very important, and this is obviously the first time we've had a whole-school closure, unfortunately. I'm afraid, as this pandemic has gone on, I think, many times, the virus has been one step ahead, and, just when you think you are able to do things, we have not been able to do so.

The Minister for education is obviously having a look at what lessons can be learned in relation to this school in Tenby, but I don't think it's the right time to bring forward a statement at the current time.

Trefnydd, I'd like to ask for a statement on the significant fall in rape convictions in Wales. Compared to 2016-17, convictions for rape in 2020 were down by almost two thirds, bearing in mind that they were only successful by 5 per cent in the first place. That is with less than one in 60 rape cases recorded by police resulting in a suspect being charged. Now, I recognise this is a non-devolved area, but what is devolved is the consequence and the fall-out of that. There is never, of course, one person involved in an incident of rape. If that individual happens to be a parent, their children are affected. If they're children, their parents are affected, their siblings are affected. I remember reading an article, where one such case affects 47 different people. Of course, the other side of this, by lack of conviction, and also lack of access to justice that we've seen, through temporary and permanent court cases, does mean that, if you are unsuccessful in your conviction, you're very likely to be equally unsuccessful in the support that you and your family will need. So, I ask you, with respect, to bring something forward in the very near future, because this is a crisis, and it's a crisis that we need to take hold of.

Thank you. As you recognise, the criminal justice system is not devolved to Wales, but of course we work very closely with all police forces in Wales and with our criminal justice partners here in Wales. You'll be aware of the significant support that has been provided by the Welsh Government over the past decade at least, and if not before. And we won't be bystanders to abuse, and we have our violence against women, domestic abuse and sexual violence strategy, as you know. That's been informed by global and national evidence that women and girls are disproportionately affected by all forms of abuse. Everyone has the right to be safe, and we have our Live Fear Free line, and anyone experiencing violence or abuse at home can obviously access that free, confidential help, 24/7, via the Live Fear Free helpline, either by chat, by call, by e-mail or by text. And I would urge all Members to ensure their constituents are aware of that.

The visitor season is fast approaching, and there will be many people visiting our communities over the next few weeks. Already, the coastguard, the mountain rescue teams, paramedics and other emergency services have been very busy indeed. The demand for these services, particularly health services, increases substantially during the summer months, and this year is likely to be busier than usual, and we are on the verge of a third wave of coronavirus. We therefore need to consider how we fund health services in areas that see great increases in population—up to 10 times—during the holiday season. Can we have an urgent statement from the Government as to how they expect emergency services and health services to cope during this holiday period that we are facing? Thank you.

Diolch. I think the visitor season is well under way here in Wales. This has always been something that has been talked about and thought about when conversations are held around budgeting. So, I don't think there's a need for a statement, and I don't think there's a need for a specific budget—it is part of the overall budgets that are received by our health boards and by our services.

Minister, with the increase of people using our road network as we start to emerge from the coronavirus pandemic, speeding is becoming one of the biggest issues in my constituency of Brecon and Radnorshire. So, Minister, will you ask the Deputy Minister for Climate Change to make a statement on the work of the GoSafe partnership and if more money can be provided to fund average speed check cameras in hotspot areas for speeding across our communities to help save lives and to keep people safe and also to reduce emissions? Diolch, Llywydd.

Thank you. The GoSafe service is certainly something that is very valued. I'm not aware of any ongoing discussions around further funding being required, or how the Welsh Government would support that. But I will certainly ask the Minister if there is anything specific, and, if he has any further information, I'll ask him to write to the Member.FootnoteLink

Trefnydd, this is Children's Hospice Week, so could we have a Welsh Government statement on support for our two children's hospices in Wales: the excellent Tŷ Hafan and Tŷ Gobaith, which together provide respite and palliative care for more than 400 families with children with life-limiting conditions? And they want to be able to assure those children and families, and others in future, that they can guarantee, with Welsh Government support, a fair and sustainable future where they can offer more support and care for children with life-limiting conditions in Wales. And a statement of this sort would enable Welsh Government also to expand upon the welcome commitment to fund regional residential services for children with complex needs, ensuring that their needs are met as close to home as possible and in Wales wherever practicable. And the Government could outline, then, how it will work with Tŷ Hafan and Tŷ Gobaith to ensure this additional funding and services reach those most in need of support. So, I'm sure we'd all welcome a statement in this timely moment.

Thank you, Huw Irranca-Davies, for highlighting the wonderful work that our hospices do, and they do provide incredibly important services, and they provide enormous support for patients and families and carers. You may have heard the leader of the opposition raise this issue with the First Minister and the First Minister's answer. And we do continue to invest more than £8.4 million every year to support specialist palliative care services across Wales, and much of this does go to our adult and children's hospices across Wales. We've also allocated £12.3 million of emergency funding to support our hospices since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, and that funding has been used to support clinical services and strengthen our hospice bereavement support. I'm sure the Member is also aware of our programme for government commitment to review the patient pathway planning and hospice funding, and we will continue to work with the end-of-life-care board so that we can review the way in which that specific funding is allocated to both health boards and our voluntary hospices.

And, finally, Altaf Hussain.

Thank you, Presiding Officer. Minister, I have two suggestions. According to the Wales Governance Centre, the Counsel General and Minister for the Constitution is delivering a speech on 5 July to outline plans for a national conversation on our constitutional future. Could the business Minister schedule a statement here, before his speech, so that he may share his plans with us first?

Number 2: during the pandemic the public have rightly recognised the work of the NHS and key sectors in doing all possible to keep people safe. However, it is the leadership and delivery of local government that has been largely overlooked during the past 15 months—a sector that has demonstrated innovation, local solutions and leadership in delivering for the communities they serve. Can you schedule a debate in Government time for the Minister for Finance and Local Government to outline her vision for local government as we build out of the pandemic? Thank you.

Thank you very, very much. And I'm sure—. I hear what you say about the Counsel General's speech, and I'm sure he will share his speech with us at the most appropriate time, but we won't be able to bring forward an oral statement ahead of the speech, but I will—and he's sitting in the Chamber with me—I will make sure he shares his speech with you.

In relation to your comments around local government and public services and their response to the pandemic, I absolutely agree with you, and I do think that people recognise the amazing work they've done, if you think how they've supported with the test, trace, protect, for instance, and with delivering of food parcels. And certainly the Welsh Government is very appreciative of all the work that local authorities have done, and we've worked very closely with our partners in local authorities throughout the whole of the pandemic.

Thank you, Trefnydd. That concludes that item. We will now take a short break to allow changeovers in the Chamber. And the bell will be rung two minutes before we reconvene. Thank you.

The next item is a statement by the Minister for Health and Social Services—update on coronavirus. I call on the Minister for Health and Social Services, Eluned Morgan.

Thank you very much, Dirprwy Lywydd. For the first time this Senedd and for the first time in many months, I must tell Members that cases of coronavirus are, unfortunately, rising in Wales. We are once again facing a serious situation and we are at the beginning of a third wave of the pandemic. In the space of a few short weeks, the delta variant, which was originally known as the variant of concern originating in India, has spread from three small clusters in north and south-east Wales into our communities in every part of Wales.

Over the last fortnight, the coronavirus case rate and the positivity rate have more than doubled. Today, the case rate is 31.3 cases per 100,000 people. Cases are rising in almost every local authority area in Wales, driven by this fast-moving, highly transmissible variant. In Conwy, the rates are now approaching 100 cases per 100,000 people, and in Denbighshire and Flintshire they are higher than 50 in 100,000 people.

Dirprwy Lywydd, eight out of 10 new cases of coronavirus identified in Wales are cases of the delta variant. It is estimated that the R rate for Wales is now between 1 and 1.4, which is a further sign that infections are once again rising. All of the evidence suggests that the delta variant is more transmissible than the alpha variant, or the Kent variant, which was responsible for the majority of cases during the second wave over the winter.

Wales is not alone in seeing a rising tide of coronavirus cases caused by the delta variant; if anything, we are a few weeks behind the situation in the rest of the United Kingdom. In England, there are now more than 70,000 confirmed cases of the delta variant, and some 5,000 cases in Scotland. In both England and Scotland, increasing numbers of people are being admitted to hospital with coronavirus again, and, very sadly, Public Health England has confirmed 73 deaths linked to the delta variant. Fortunately, we have not yet reached this stage here in Wales. We are some two to three weeks behind what is happening beyond our borders, but this provides a sobering vision of what may come.

In the past week, the First Minister of Scotland and the Prime Minister have both paused their plans to relax coronavirus restrictions because of concerns regarding the delta variant. And here in Wales, the First Minister has confirmed that we will not be going ahead with any new relaxation of alert level 1 indoor restrictions this week or over the next three-week cycle. We will use this four-week pause to focus on speeding up vaccinations to help prevent more people falling seriously ill as we face this new wave of infections.

Even though cases are rising, we still have the lowest coronavirus rates in the UK, and, thanks to the enormous efforts of everyone involved, we have some of the best vaccination rates in the world. All of this will help us as we face this third wave. The modelling work suggests that a four-week pause now will help to reduce the peak number of daily hospital admissions by up to half, at a time when the NHS is very busy responding to all of our healthcare needs, not just treating coronavirus.

Dirprwy Lywydd, I want to pay tribute to our fantastic vaccine programme and everyone who has made it such a success. The very latest figures show that 88.7 per cent of adults have had their first dose and 60.2 per cent have had their second. Between now and mid July, we'll be putting an extra 0.5 million vaccines into the system. We'll be focused on offering a second dose to everyone in priority groups 1 to 9 over the next four weeks. That's everyone over 50, all healthcare workers, social care workers and other vulnerable groups, including, of course, care home residents. And, subject to supply, we’ll be bringing forward appointments for the people over 40 so that they don’t have to wait longer than eight weeks between their first and second doses. Now, to achieve this, we will need everyone’s help to encourage people to come forward and complete their two-course course. One vaccine is not enough; we need everyone to have two.

Dirprwy Lywydd, although there will be no substantial changes to the coronavirus regulations for the next four weeks, we have made some small amendments to make sure that the rules are easier to understand. And these include changing the regulations so the size of a venue—together with a risk assessment—will determine how many people can attend an indoor wedding or civil partnership reception or wake. We've begun reopening residential outdoor education centres, starting with primary school-age children. We have amended the regulations to bring grass-roots music and comedy venues into line with the rules for hospitality. And we've also updated the regulations so that they reflect the latest evidence about how businesses can take all reasonable measures to reduce risk on their premises and clarify the rules about 2m distances for groups of six people.

We will continue to run our programme of pilot events in theatre, sport and other sectors during June and July, testing large numbers of people to see how and when they gather safely and what the effect of that is.

We have also issued updated guidance in a number of important areas, including hospital visits and for places of worship. And we've published a statement by our scientific advisers about the use of face coverings in schools, although there'll be no immediate change in their use.

Dirprwy Lywydd, I'll close by saying that we're once again at a crucial point in this pandemic. Vaccinations offer us real hope of a different relationship with the virus. It may be possible to respond to this wave without having to introduce stricter lockdown measures, if we can break the link between infection and hospitalisation. Vaccination may also help us move beyond the pandemic phase and end this cycle of imposing and unlocking restrictions. But, for the time being, we will continue with our cautious, data-driven approach to responding to this ongoing pandemic. Diolch.

Conservative spokesperson, Russell George.

Diolch, Deputy Presiding Officer. Minister, can I thank you for your update this afternoon? On the delta variant, although we're looking at higher numbers of infections in Wales, there are still relatively low numbers of hospitalisations, fortunately, standing at 116 with COVID in general in acute beds, and one with COVID in an invasive ventilation bed. I of course appreciate, and I think you said it yourself, that there's always going to be that time lag, isn't there, between weeks of infection to severe cases.

But I turn now to what I asked you on 8 June about your research on vaccinations, to which you responded at the time that early analysis of the data was looking very positive, and there were actually still very few cases of the delta variant at the time, but it was growing exponentially. So, at that time, you said you needed an

'extra two weeks for us to analyse that data',

so that it was the right call—you said at the time—for the Cabinet to make the decisions of phasing in the restrictions. Now, I know last Friday the First Minister couldn't give any particular update in terms of the effectiveness of the vaccination. We're now two weeks on today, and there's nothing in particular on that in today's statement. So can I ask: are you able to provide any further update on how the vaccinations have worked against the delta variant in Wales? And if you aren't able to answer that today, can you perhaps give us an indication of when you will be in a position to give us that analysis?

Turning to the restrictions, I note—. As far as my perspective is concerned, we've been told, haven't we, by health professionals, that COVID is likely to be with us forever, and I'm sure you would agree with that analysis, sadly. And we have to live with COVID. So, I think, from my perspective, I certainly don't want to see us in any further lockdowns; I'm sure we all would agree with that position. The First Minister has said that he won't rule out any further lockdowns at the present time. I'm assuming you agree with the First Minister's position on that. You've said that there will be a pause, effectively, over the next four weeks, but can I ask you about any considerations in Cabinet that you have given to having further restrictions or further lockdowns? That's not what I want to see, but I'm asking you for your analysis and your thoughts in terms of what your considerations are as a Cabinet in that regard. Are you looking at further restrictions now and, effectively, are you seeking to have a situation where Wales has a zero COVID death rate? Because that position, I think, would be almost impossible to achieve. But I'm trying to understand here the balance that you are bringing and when we're going to get that information on hospitalisations for the delta variant in terms of your thinking in terms of potential further restrictions as well.

Gosh, lots of questions there, Russell. Thank you. I'll do my best to try and answer them. You'll be aware that we are just entering a third wave, and that is why now is not the time to put our foot down on the pedal, especially when we are still learning about the delta variant.

There are some really encouraging early signs, but obviously it's really difficult for us to measure from Wales, because our levels are so low, so we are looking at what's happening elsewhere, particularly in England. There are some very interesting papers that have been published, but they haven't been peer reviewed, so we're waiting for that analysis to be carried out so that we can have real confidence in what we're seeing as early indications of the potential for the two doses of the vaccine to significantly reduce the chances of hospitalisation. So, once we've seen that peer-reviewed document, I think we'll be in a better place to make a judgment. Certainly, that's why we've paused our unlocking system.

We don't have any plans for the time being for further lockdowns, but I've got to tell you that this will be data driven, as it's always been in Wales. We will follow the science and follow the data, and what we won't do is to give false promises. We won't have a freedom day in Wales; we won't have a terminus date that we will work towards. We will do what's right given the circumstances before us, and we will read the data and respond to that.

We were pleased to see that we were able to relax visits to hospitals, but I think it's probably worth emphasising that it is important for those decisions to be made at a local level. So, we know that the delta variant is very significant now, or it's building in areas of north Wales, so the judgments they make there may be different from the judgments that are made in health boards elsewhere.

We were pleased to relax the restrictions in relation to outdoor visitor centres, particularly for young children. And of course, what we tried to do was to give them the opportunity to use up the very few weeks that are left before the end of term. So, of course there's a balance to strike here; we've got to watch the data, but when we see that it's in a place that we are comfortable with, then I think a lot of those centres would be happy for us to open, rather than give them another three weeks to prepare. So, of course it's a balancing act.

In relation to flu, we are very concerned about potentially what could happen this winter. I know that the respiratory syncytial virus situation, in particular in relation to children, is something we are very concerned about, and we are putting very comprehensive organisational plans in place. That is quite far advanced already, and we will be listening to the advice of the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation in terms of our ability to roll out booster doses alongside flu vaccines for the future.

Plaid Cymru spokesperson Rhun ap Iorwerth.

Thank you very much, Deputy Llywydd. I have four or five questions. First of all, following on from that final point you just made: do you have an update for us on the work that is being done in order to ensure that the booster vaccine can be provided in the autumn in accordance with what the JCVI has suggested is required?

Pushing that second dose out there as quickly as possible is crucial now, of course. I'm aware that there are different ways that people are to deal with their health boards: some are to expect a letter, others a phone call, others have to go online to make their own appointments; and that's what I did, ultimately, and I got my second vaccine yesterday. Do we need some consistency here or do we need to strengthen comms at a national level in terms of how people are meant to access that second dose as soon as possible? Because I have to admit that I was a little confused myself, and have been over the last few weeks.

Now students: many students of course will have had their first vaccination where they are at university, and then will return home to other parts of Wales or to England. So, can you explain what work is being done to facilitate that second dose, so that it can be provided without barriers, where people have changed addresses and letters have been lost, and so on?

The growth in the delta variant is a threat to our hospitals once again, and we very much hope that the vaccine will prevent a great increase in the numbers attending our hospitals. But what are you as a Government doing to strengthen the shift towards having more COVID-lite sites, so that other NHS activities aren't placed under unnecessary threat? Getting these COVID-lite sites is something that the Royal College of Surgeons has requested a number of times over the past few months, and they're still not seeing the move in that direction that they have requested.

One final question on asthma specifically, and the need for asthma sufferers to receive an additional vaccination. There's concern among Asthma UK that there are hundreds of thousands of people who have gone missing from NHS systems across the UK, and haven't been able to access that early vaccination. There is a list for flu vaccinations held by the NHS, so it strikes me that we're reinventing the wheel slightly here. So, can you look at the possibility of just going off that asthma list for flu vaccination in order to ensure that asthma sufferers do get boosters as soon as possible when we get to the autumn? Thank you.

Thank you very much. In terms of the consistency of communication, I think that the guidance is very clear on the websites of the health authorities in terms of where people should go. I think it's difficult, because people do receive their information now from so many different sources, and I think that what we're trying to do is to respond to what is appropriate, particularly where we see that fewer people are coming forward. There is a specific issue at the moment with black African and Caribbean communities, and the 30 to 49 age group; there is a problem there. We have to focus on where they go for their information. So, we do a great deal of detailed work where we see there is an issue. I was up in Wrexham on Friday, and it was interesting because we'd seen that there was a problem in one area of Wrexham. They'd moved the vaccination centre into a leisure centre in the middle of that area where fewer people were coming forward, and on the weekend they were going to go to the centre of the town, so that they went to where people would be passing by. I think that is something that we're making progress on.

In terms of students, it's clear that it is possible for people to walk in and receive their vaccine. It's important that people understand that, be it the first or second dose. My son came home over the weekend and the first thing I did was to ensure that he went for his vaccination, and it was interesting to see he wasn't offered the vaccine in England, where he was a student. So, I'm pleased to see that we are in the vanguard in that regard.

In terms of those COVID-lite settings, what we're trying to do is discuss at the moment with health boards, and we're eager to see whether we can see health boards working together a bit more, and having those more regional centres. You'll be aware that, if you have a hot area and a cold area, it's difficult to have an A&E in that area. You try to close down an A&E department in a hospital. I don't think you're asking for that, but that is a restriction on the possibility of changing one hospital into a COVID-lite centre.

In terms of asthma, I know that, in the first instance, people who had serious asthma were in that first cohort of people who were prioritised. I was aware that there was a different group in terms of the flu vaccine. There was a restriction on how much stock we had of the vaccine at that time, and as we go into the booster phase we'll see whether we'll have additional supply, and then perhaps it'll be easier for us to go back to that report and the list that we had for the flu.

Minister, thank you for your statement this afternoon. I'd just like to raise a point with you about the flow of information and the way you bring that information to Parliament. Today, this statement was a last-minute statement added to the agenda. I didn't hear anything different in that statement to what I heard at your press briefing yesterday and, indeed, the First Minister's press briefing on Friday. I fully understand the pressures of this information coming out, but it really is important that Members are shown respect and that this information does come to Members first, so that they can communicate with their constituents. At the height of the pandemic, I realised the sensitivities about putting that information out via public broadcast and media sessions from Cathays Park. But could I ask how exactly you bid for time in the Government scheduling of parliamentary business? Because I would urge the Government in the strongest possible terms, and seek the support of the Presiding Officer in this, to ensure that these statements do come and this information does come to Members first, rather than press briefings that are currently undertaken at Cathays Park.

Thanks very much. Certainly, we were very anxious to make sure that you heard this information in the Chamber. We were very aware that that statement was made on Friday by the First Minister, and further information given yesterday by myself. That's why we were very anxious. Don't forget that we are making decisions here in real time with data that is coming at us very last minute, and we are having to make very quick judgments. Some of those judgments have to be made on a Thursday, with an announcement on Friday, and this is the earliest opportunity we can have to come to you to let you know exactly what's going on. We will continue with that commitment to let you know, but there are times during a pandemic where we actually just need to get some information out there quickly, and make sure that the public know how serious the situation is, in particular when we're entering a third wave.

Minister, while the Welsh Government's briefings and statements on coronavirus have covered a wide range of areas, one area that's not received much attention, certainly lately, is dentistry. Clearly, emergency treatment has been available throughout the COVID period, but figures provided by the British Dental Association show that dentistry in Wales is currently operating at around a fifth of pre-pandemic levels. We know that regular preventative oral health checks are important, and some constituents of mine in the Swansea valley have contacted me expressing their concerns they have not had a routine check-up now for quite some time. There is an understanding, of course, that resuming routine check-ups must be done safely, but at the same time, there are also concerns around the potential widening of the oral health inequality gap. Will you therefore outline the Welsh Government's thinking on this, and the discussions that are taking place with the profession, and provide an indication of when you expect routine dental services to resume? Diolch.

I'm very aware that dentistry is one of those sectors where we have to be very careful, because the danger of aerosol spread is real and more significant there than in many other sectors. That's why we are still in a situation where we're on an amber warning in relation to dentistry. That means that those restrictions are really quite severe. We have to make sure that there is very significant cleansing in between each patient after treatment. So, we are very aware that this is a difficult situation. I've already had a meeting with my officials on what we can do to speed up the situation when we are able to. There's some very interesting research that's come out from Bangor University to demonstrate that dental assistants can be as accurate in their analysis of check-ups, and so we'll be looking to see if it's possible for us to use dental assistants and to train them up so as to clear some of that backlog. I was just asked about how to get time in the Chamber; I've asked whether it would be possible to come to the Chamber and give an update on the situation in relation to dentistry, because I am aware that this is a particular issue across the whole of Wales.

Minister, can I thank you for your statement? You made reference to outdoor education centres and the opportunities now that can be afforded to primary school children as a result of some of the changes that you've made. I've been contacted by the head of the Army Cadet Force in north Wales, who has said that unfortunately these ongoing restrictions will affect around 1,000 cadets in Wales, aged between the ages of 12 and 18, who were really looking forward to the summer camps and activities that have been programmed into their diaries now for many months. Can I urge you to review these restrictions as soon as possible, with a view to lifting them for army cadet camps in particular, and of course for other activities, particularly given that many of these youngsters will come from deprived backgrounds and will not have the opportunities to get together or go away, perhaps, even on a family holiday, whether that be in Wales or other parts of the UK? Can I ask you for an update on when you expect to be in a position to review that position as soon as possible? Thank you.

Diolch yn fawr, Darren. I know you've been a champion of the armed services for many, many years, and it's great to see you continuing in that role. You'll be aware that if we allow people to stay in the same accommodation overnight, then the chances of viral spread is significantly increased. We're able to do that in relation to primary school children, partly because we know that if they are affected the impact is very low, but also because these children are already in bubbles. That would not be the case with army cadets, and that's why it won't be possible for us, at this time, to allow that to happen. We will, of course, be making a judgment on this in a month's time, in terms of how much indoor mixing will be allowed, but I think we're a bit of a way from a situation where we will be able to allow adults to mix indoors over a long period of time—that is, overnight stays. I think that will take a little bit of time, I'm afraid, Darren.

And finally, Mark Isherwood.

Diolch. I also wish to comment on your reference to residential outdoor education centres, some of whom contacted me yesterday, which was how I found out about the Welsh Government statement, as we hadn't been notified directly as Members. I first raised concerns expressed by residential outdoor education centres regarding Welsh Government coronavirus guidance with the Welsh Government here in March, after the sector had stated they had 'reached a critical point', unable to trade for 12 months, yet the Welsh Government, they said, had failed to provide the financial support and constructive dialogue they needed to survive. That was a letter, I think, sent to all Members.

Last week, I received e-mails from residential outdoor education centres stating, for example, 'This industry is being permanently decimated. The result of this is creating a huge deficit in the local economy, both in the long and short term. Currently, outdoor education residentials are being managed safely in England, and money that should be coming into the Welsh economy is being lost. The rules are inconsistent, and, frankly, flawed. Put simply, Wales is about to lose one of the most joyful ways in which its heritage and culture is shared with young people'. And, a final quote: 'The loss of Welsh centres is a disaster for Wales from a financial and cultural perspective, but can be easily dealt with'.

Although you announced yesterday that overnight stays in residential outdoor education centres are now allowed for primary school children, centres have responded stating, for example, 'If only these advised changes had been just a few weeks back, the chances of some centres being saved would have been much improved' and, 'It seems to many of us who provide residential outdoor education that crisis has only been responded to with crisis'. How will you now engage in the constructive dialogue with them that they've long been calling for?

Diolch yn fawr, Mark. I think the first thing to say is that we are very aware of the importance of this sector to Wales. I think it's one of the areas, in particular in parts of north Wales and the Brecon Beacons, where, actually, people can have life-changing experiences—taking people outside of their normal environment and exposing them to life outdoors. Of course, we understand how important it is in particular for mental health and well-being as well. We have actually provided support for this sector. It's all very well saying, 'If only we knew a few weeks before'. Well, if only we knew about the virus a few months before. It's a very strange way of suggesting that we make decisions. [Interruption.] No. We have always followed the data. We will continue to follow the data. We know that transmission within residential areas where adults are mixing over a long period of time is likely to spread the virus. We are not going to be pushed around on this. We will stand our ground. Our role is to protect the people of Wales, and that's where we will stand. But, of course, we will continue to give support to sectors that are experiencing a difficult time.

Thank you, Minister.

The next item is a statement by the Minister for Social Justice: eradicating racism and building an anti-racist Wales. I call on the Minister for Social Justice, Jane Hutt.

Diolch yn fawr, Dirprwy Lywydd. Prejudice is a burden that confuses the past, threatens the future, and renders the present inaccessible. These words, which were spoken by Maya Angelou more than 30 years ago, still echo as loudly today. Today marks the fourth national Windrush Day, a day that recognises and celebrates the contributions of men and women across the Commonwealth who helped to build a modern Wales and made this country their home, and I am delighted the Welsh Government has been able to fund a number of organisations to mark this event across Wales, to retell those stories and to celebrate those contributions to our nation.

Migrants have long formed an integral part of our nation before and since the Windrush arrivals. And it would be remiss of me not to take this opportunity to remind our EU citizens in Wales that the stories of your contributions, that your desire to call Wales your home, is something that we wholeheartedly support. And that's why we have worked tirelessly to remind those EU citizens in Wales to apply for settled status and to do so before the application deadline on 30 of June.

As a Welsh Government we have also long supported and offered sanctuary to refugees and asylum seekers. We continue to work towards Wales being a nation of sanctuary, and last week I published a written statement marking the remarkable contribution of refugees to the fight against COVID-19 in Wales.

Dirprwy Lywydd, if we take a moment to reflect, 2020 was, without a doubt, the year we confronted racism like never before, where we were forced to face up to the past and to the present state of our race relations. The impact of COVID-19 paralysed the world. Amongst the hardest hit by the pandemic were our black, Asian and minority ethnic communities. The brutal murder of George Floyd sent shockwaves across the globe and sparked worldwide protests against racial injustices and inequalities, including here in Wales. These are some of the events that changed our world and they will be remembered in our history books as a wake-up call for racial justice and change.

The 25 of May 2021 marked one year since the death of Mr Floyd. For his family, a form of justice came when a jury of 14 found police officer, Derek Chauvin, guilty of his murder. For us, George Floyd’s death is a reminder that we must take steps to address racism in all its forms and move forward. Here in Wales, we have strived to do that: to move forward.

In March 2020, I discussed with the Wales Race Forum the development of a race equality action plan and the events of 2020 accelerated our determination to deliver a plan by the end of the last Senedd term. And last year, the Senedd supported a motion to wholeheartedly root out racism and racist ideologies and strive towards a more equal Wales, tackling systemic and structural racial inequalities. And we have made remarkable strides since then in our attempt to work towards eradicating racism and achieving our vision of an anti-racist Wales.

On 24 March, we launched the draft race equality action plan for Wales, an anti-racist Wales, for consultation. I am proud that we are the first nation in the UK to call for an anti-racist country.

The testimony from black, Asian and minority ethnic people as we co-constructed the action plan made the scale and pervasiveness of the racism people face every day very clear. This reinforced the need for the action plan to promote an anti-racist Wales. It is not good enough to be ‘non-racist’. The entrenched detrimental impacts of racism and resulting inequalities require proactive, anti-racist action.

Anti‑racism is a call for individuals, organisations and institutions to commit to thinking actively and responding to the potential impacts of their existing structures, processes, policies and practices on black, Asian and minority ethnic people. It is time we shift the burden of tackling racism from the recipients and victims of such acts to everyone in society. And that's how we will truly achieve a Wales which is more equal, fairer and accessible for all our citizens. And I'm grateful for the efforts of so many people and organisations across Wales who gave their valuable time, knowledge and expertise and to those who shared their lived experiences of racism in co‑creating the action plan.

Together, we've achieved a draft plan that is clear in purpose, grounded in action, and championed by the people who will hold the Government to account. It is an action plan that is unashamed in its determination to eradicate racial inequalities by 2030, and it is a plan we can strengthen further.

To ensure the opportunity to participate in the consultation is available to everyone, I have extended the consultation period to 15 July 2021. It's crucial that the consultation has a broad reach into diverse communities, provides opportunities for flexible dialogue, which can take many forms. I launched our race equality action plan community consultation grant to ensure consultation opportunities are made available to black, Asian and minority ethnic communities and groups, to enable them to respond to the plan. Their voices are crucial in this process, as we want to ensure that we take the time to engage with individuals and communities facing racial inequalities, to include those views in our plan. And we will take the learning from this process to inform how we work with black, Asian and minority ethnic people in the future.

Hearing from the public, private and third sector is equally vital too, as this is not just a plan for the Welsh Government, it's a plan for the whole of Wales and its people—we all stand to gain from an inclusive and anti-racist Wales. Together, we must keep talking about tackling racism in Wales, and use opportunities presented to all in this consultation process. We must join forces as political parties with business associations, trade unions, public bodies, third sector and civil society. It's only through our collective effort to recognise and stamp out racism that we can truly eradicate racism and achieve our vision for an anti-racist Wales.

June is also Gypsy, Roma and Traveller History Month and Pride Month. And these events are key milestones that give us the opportunity to celebrate our diversity and the strength that that brings to educate and raise awareness. And marking important anniversaries such as Windrush Day, Refugee Week, Gypsy, Roma and Traveller History Month and Pride Month serves to reinforce a basic truth: we should not, and we do not, take our communities for granted. Instead, we will redouble our efforts to make Wales a country where equality for all is assured and not seen as something that is earned.

So finally, I call upon everyone here to pledge to work with us on our vision to achieve an anti-racist Wales. Dirprwy Lywydd, together we must commit to eradicating all forms of racism. Together, we must strive to create a fair and just society. Together, we must match our hopes for our country with a determination to change. Diolch yn fawr.

Conservative spokesperson, Altaf Hussain.

Thank you, Deputy Presiding Officer, thank you, Minister. Racism is not easy to spot, grasp or denounce. If it was, the task of anti-racism would be simple to identify it. People feel that it's not racist if a racist attack has not occurred, or the word 'N' or 'P' has not been uttered. We think that good people can't be racist, we think that true racism only exists in the hearts of evil people, we think that racism is about moral values, when instead it is about the survival of the system of power. The hidden nature of structural racism is difficult to hold to account. It slips out of your hands easily, like mercury from your hands—you can't spot it. Reni Eddo-Lodge chooses the term 'structural' rather than 'institutional', because she thinks it is built into spaces much broader than in our more traditional institutions. Structural racism is impenetrable and goes unnoticed, it is not just about personal prejudice, but collectively affects our bias. It is the kind of racism that has the power to drastically impact people's life chances. The national picture is grim, and it affects groups within the black, Asian, minority ethnic communities differently.

We also see the routine accusation of racism levelled against anyone who offers to endorse, to teach, to uphold the values of western civilisation. Fear of a charge of racism has led commentators, politicians and police forces all across the western world to refrain from criticising or taking action against many overtly criminal customs that have embedded themselves in our midst. Customs such as forced marriage, female circumcision, honour killing and a growing intimidation from religious groups of any one remotely critical of their faith. Research from a number of different sources reveals how racism is weaved into the fabric of our world. This demands a collective redefinition of what it means to be racist, how racism manifests and what we must do to end it.

I am concerned that nearly 79,000 racial hate crimes were reported in 2019, an 11 per cent increase on the previous year. As outlined in our manifesto, our vision is a Wales without racism, prejudice and discrimination, which is why I want to press Welsh Labour to lead by example and take a zero tolerance approach to all forms of discrimination throughout the Welsh Government. You cannot expect others to act unless your own house is in order. So, will the Minister explain what her own Government will do? In developing a new race equality action plan, what assurance can you give the Senedd that the document will mean something beyond the warm words that are often associated with tackling racism, and, that in building an anti-racist Wales, you are clear about what that actually means for the people? Thank you.

Thank you very much. Diolch yn fawr, Altaf Hussain. Thank you very much for those very important words. And, as you say, it is difficult to address and challenge our structural racism. It can go, and has gone unnoticed for too long. It's been hidden, and, of course, it has affected the chances of so many. So, eradicating racism and promoting race equality—always been a priority for the Welsh Government. And we have shared in this Chamber—we've supported together—as all the parties represented last year, on more than one occasion, our abhorrence of racism and racist ideologies.

I think you do set an important challenge for us as Welsh Government. It cannot be just warm words. It's actually—. That's why the plan is so important, because it's built on the values of anti-racism. It calls for zero tolerance, as you say, for racism in all its guises, but it's been developed collaboratively, and I think that's its strength, because it hasn't been the Government saying, 'This is what we think is right.' This has actually been about those who are affected by racism, and those who work in our professions and who live in our communities have worked with us to get this plan to the point where then we can implement it, and we do intend it to be a practical plan. If you look at it, and we look forward to your responses, it does have very specific actions to be taken, and it's across all policy areas. So, in developing the plan, I met with all the Ministers in the Welsh Government. Every part of the Welsh Government has a responsibility, and their actions across it—. And, once finalised, the Welsh Government will be committed to and held accountable for it.

Just a couple of points I wanted to follow up, in terms of the key issues, and I think education is crucial, as you say, because this affects the chances of everyone. And the black, Asian and minority ethnic communities' contributions, and Cynefin, in the new curriculum working group, which was chaired by Professor Charlotte Williams, commissioned by the First Minister and working to the education Minister—that was established last August. And it did oversee that development of learning resources crucial for our schools. It identified gaps in current resources or training related to black, Asian and minority ethnic communities, their contributions and experiences, and, as Members from that Senedd at the end of March who were here, you will recall that the former Minister for Education accepted all 71 recommendations in the new curriculum working group's final report on 19 March. So, the Welsh Government now is already implementing the recommendations. The Minister, Jeremy Miles, is taking this forward as Minister for Education and the Welsh Language, looking at it as part of the new curriculum implementation, and the Welsh Government's race equality action plan has a set of very early recommendations put forward by the group on learning resources. But then, of course, it means it has to engage with Estyn, regional consortia, race equality action plan stakeholders and, indeed, Professor Charlotte Williams, supporting the Welsh Government's implementation of the recommendations in an advisory role.

Plaid Cymru spokesperson, Sioned Williams.

Thank you, Dirprwy Lywydd. Minister, as a newly elected Member in the Senedd, I'm very pleased to respond to this statement on such an important issue within my first few weeks as a Member and as Plaid Cymru spokesperson on equalities and social justice. Eradicating racism and creating an anti-racist Wales is crucial to Plaid Cymru and it is an issue that I'm determined to see progress on by the end of this Senedd term. Given that the creation of a race equality action plan was part of the Plaid Cymru manifesto, I clearly welcome this statement very much.

The Minister opened her statement by quoting the Afro-American author Maya Angelou, and it's a cause of pride, of course, that one of the greats of Afro-American literature, Ralph Ellison, came to the Swansea and Morriston area in my region as a GI and noted that Invisible Man, his famous novel of 1952, was actually started here in Wales. The reactionary Tory Government in Westminster wants Windrush and the multicultural history of these isles to be invisible—it is our duty here in Wales to not allow that to happen.

We must give everyone a presence in our history, a role in imagining our future and a voice and visibility in the present.

First of all, then, on the plan and the consultation, can you explain how the recommendations made by Professor Ogbonna have been incorporated into the plan? You're also extending the consultation period in order to ensure greater input, so what is your process in ensuring that cross-cutting voices can feed into this? And finally on the plan, you're eager to include a number of public and private organisations in the vision of an anti-racist Wales, so what's the system of accountability built into the plan in order to ensure that this vision does become a reality?

Secondly, leadership pathways need to be clear to black, Asian and minority ethnic communities. What is your impression of how reforming the Senedd could have an impact on an anti-racist Wales? Clearly, there are policy areas, such as education and housing, where the Senedd could make positive change. But I also believe that there is so much more that we can do if we devolve policing and justice. It's a cause of sorrow that Wales is tied to a reactionary right-wing Government that is led by a politician who has made racist statements himself, that makes it more difficult for people to insist upon sanctuary and equal rights—for example, given the current threats to the European Convention on Human Rights—and that has cut unconscious bias training to Border Force officials.

There's no time today to list the whole host of other examples that have done nothing to eradicate racism and discrimination. Do you therefore agree with me, in light of this plan, that the Welsh Parliament is far better placed to make decisions on justice that impact on equalities, and that devolving them would be an additional boost in our journey to reaching an anti-racist Wales? Thank you.

Thank you, Sioned Williams, and thank you very much for your questions.

I'm also really delighted to welcome you—and congratulate you, which I haven't had the opportunity to do—to be the spokesperson on social justice for Plaid Cymru, and to respond to your questions on this very important statement, which I know Plaid Cymru has fully backed. Indeed, it was very good, in the previous Senedd, when the committee that was chaired by John Griffiths, which obviously had Plaid Members, had Members from across the Senedd—. There was such strong support for the race equality action plan, as we were developing it, and the evidence that they were taking, particularly of the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on black, Asian and minority ethnic people, but also looking at the socioeconomic impacts as well—. And what was really important was that, as we looked at the disproportionate impact, we were able to get benefit from Professor Emmanuel Ogbonna, who worked with people with lived experience as they were living it, looking at the socioeconomic impacts. That's why the race equality action plan looks—and, indeed, the programme for government, which is so important—. If you look through the programme for government, it's not just equality that's addressing these issues. There are actions in terms of housing, in terms of employability, in terms of improving access to apprenticeships, and also in terms of education, as I've already said.

Now, one of the most important issues in the early starting work of those who were co-constructing the plan was to look at what should the priorities be: yes, of course, health and social care, but also education, employment and income and leadership and representation, which is where we will make the changes. The criminal justice system also came in, even though it's not devolved. It was very clear, from the discussions and also looking at the evidence from reports like the David Lammy report, that we needed to look at the impact of the criminal justice system and, indeed, what we can do with our powers, but also looking at, again, the programme for government, looking at policing and devolving policing and justice and how we progress that, but looking at housing and accommodation, culture, heritage, sport, local democracy, Welsh language, environment, all of it—everything that we are responsible for as a Senedd—but of course much more than that.

I just also want to say that there is a chapter in the plan, and I'm sure that you will respond to it fully, in terms of the criminal justice system and how we can take action to support and respond within our powers and then look further to what we can do. Some of that will be in partnership as well, in terms of non-devolved policies. The chapter is called 'Crime, Justice, Hateful Attitudes and Community Cohesion', and community cohesion, of course, is crucial in terms of how we address the impact of racism on people, individuals and communities.

I want to thank the Welsh Government and all the stakeholders, of course, involved in all the work that they've done in developing this draft race equality action plan. It's certainly bold, it's ambitious, and it's what we need to help eradicate racism here in Wales. As you said earlier, Minister, it covers all areas, and we can't cover all areas here today, so I'm going to focus very much on culture, heritage and sport, particularly sport, because you would expect sport to be one area where people would be united, regardless of their ethnicity, with us all sharing a common desire to see our team or our country doing well, whether that be at a local or at a national level, yet it’s an area where we see competitors from black, Asian and minority ethnic backgrounds experiencing some of the most vile abuse. Earlier this year, Welsh footballers Ben Cabango and Rabbi Matondo received abusive racial messages on social media following a Wales versus Mexico game in March. These young men are just two of many sportspeople of black, Asian and minority ethnic backgrounds who experienced horrendous abuse online this year alone. I’m keen to know what discussions Welsh Government have had with organisations about tackling online racism in sport.

I noted that one of the key actions in the plan for tackling racism in culture, heritage and sport is to take action to increase ethnic diversity in the workforce at all levels, and specifically in leadership teams and on boards. I was particularly pleased to see that in light of the report from Wales This Week that showed the shocking—

Will the Member conclude now?

—lack of diversity in Wales's larger sports governing bodies. Okay. The figures revealed that, of 765 employees, only 19 were from those communities. Do you agree with me, Minister, that, for things to change, we have to change them on the board, and we have to lead from the top?

Thank you very much, Joyce Watson, and thank you for drawing this to our attention today—this key area of racism in sport, and the blight, the shameful way in which so many of our sportsmen and women are treated to racist abuse, and the racist abuse that’s there on social media. We don’t all see that. They see that racist abuse after performing brilliantly in their sport and showing their talent and their skills, and for their teams, and that racist abuse that is so abhorrent to us. And thank you for drawing this to our attention in this debate today. It's clear that we have to do more to tackle racism in sport. That's why there is that policy theme in the race equality action plan—culture, sports and heritage—and I'm glad, again, that it's very clearly highlighted in the programme for government. It's a key priority for this Government.

We have to do something about those national governing bodies of sport in Wales, highlighted by that ITV programme, Wales This Week. And you draw attention to the policy theme, leadership and representation. We've made our commitment, Deputy Llywydd, to hold all leaders of public bodies personally accountable for delivering a representative workforce, and inclusive and psychologically safe workplaces. We are supporting the work of Sport Wales and they are working with UK Sport, Sport England, Sport Scotland and Sport Northern Ireland to tackle racism and racial inequalities, but they are now expected to respond in terms of the actions outlined in the race equality action plan. I think it's very important, also, that we just do acknowledge the work of Sport Wales who've produced the—and this has come through as a result of information from that programme—#TellYourStory campaign, asking people from black, Asian and minority ethnic communities to share their knowledge and understanding of what it's like to be involved in or even be excluded from sport, and that racism that has actually driven people out of the sport because of the intolerable impact on their lives.

This is also why it's so important that we do invest in Show Racism the Red Card in our schools, that anti-racist educational charity. We've got to start with our children and young people. And, of course, they're role models; they're predominantly, but not exclusively, footballers, but they present an anti-racist message to young people and others in schools. Some of you also might have been in schools whilst they've undertaken their work, and it is so powerful and so important.

But let's address this, and thank you for drawing attention to this and calling it out, which is what we must do, and we must all do that today in terms of racism in sport, as we think of our players as they move forward. Diolch yn fawr.

Thank you for your statement, Minister. It's four years ago this week that the Welsh Government adopted the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance definition of antisemitism—a decision that I and all Members on these benches very much welcomed. I think that taking leadership in stepping forward like that, and taking hold of that definition and applying it to an organisation is a really very important thing to do. But, regrettably, there are many organisations, which are funded by the Welsh Government, which have still declined to adopt that particular working statement and definition of antisemitism, including many of our universities. Just down the road here, Cardiff University still has refused at the moment, unfortunately, to adopt that particular statement.

Can I ask you, Minister, what action will the Welsh Government take to proactively not just encourage people to adopt this statement, where they are funded by the Welsh Government, but to actually require them to adopt the definition, going forward? Because I think it is time now to start taking a more radical approach to deal with the sort of anti-Jewish hatred that we're seeing, unfortunately, on some of our campuses.

Well, certainly, that is something that we would do anyway. The Wales race equality action plan has a whole range of actions relating to education, including higher education, and looking at these issues in relation to the expectations we have of our higher education institutions clearly is part of that in terms of the importance of that definition. Thank you.

Finally, Mabon ap Gwynfor.

Thank you very much, Deputy Presiding Officer, and thank you, Minister, for this statement. I'm very pleased to see the steps that are being taken in this regard.

I just wanted to take this opportunity to note specifically the fact that it is Gypsy, Roma and Traveller History Month, and I was very pleased to hear you referring to that in your statement. Unfortunately, it appears that racism against these communities continues to be accepted in our society, and that is based on a lack of knowledge. But, because of that lack of knowledge, that's the basis of the fact that there is nothing done to celebrate the contribution of these communities to our history and our growth as a nation. If you consider that without the Roma and the Gypsy, we wouldn't have, for example, our folk songs and our folk dances here in Wales today, as Dr Meredydd Evans noted. When you think specifically about people such as Abram Wood and the huge contribution made by his family; when you think about the language of the Roma in Wales—the Kale here. In Dolgellau, people continue to refer to each other as 'chavi', which is 'child' in the Roma language in Wales. And as somebody who was brought up for a time in Swansea, I'm very familiar with the term 'mush'—people referring to each other as 'mush'—which is the word for 'man' in the language of the Roma here in Wales. But there's no recognition of the role of these communities in our growth as a nation, nor even official status given to the language or their culture. So, what do you want to do to ensure that these communities, which have played such an important role in the growth and development of our nation and our culture, that they receive the acknowledgement that they deserve, as well as every other community here, and to get rid of these racist attacks against them? Thank you.

Well, I'm very grateful for that question from the Member. The Welsh Government does provide funding every year to TGP Cymru to deliver the Travelling Ahead project, which provides advice, advocacy and support for participation to Gypsy, Roma and Traveller communities in Wales. And we do have a stakeholder group, which we work very closely with, particularly over the pandemic, tailoring our public health responses for these vulnerable communities, but also engaging with those communities to look at the recommendations for tackling racial inequality. But I think a really important point made is about the fact that we can learn so much more from our Gypsy, Roma and Traveller communities. I'm sure that Mabon's aware of the Romani Cultural and Arts Company. They've recently produced—and that's supported by us—a Gypsy, Roma and Traveller LGBTQ spoken archive resource, because, obviously, there are connections, intersectional connections as well, in terms of Gypsy, Roma and Traveller History Month as well as Pride Month. We've got a competition running during Gypsy, Roma and Traveller History Month with community cohesion teams across Wales. In fact, they're designing masks, with young people engaged. And I'm very pleased to say that Professor Charlotte Williams has engaged through the groups that we're working with. They're looking at the inclusion of Gypsy, Roma and Traveller culture and values within the curriculum and school support mechanism, because it is with our children and young people that we will start to make that difference.

We will now suspend proceedings temporarily to allow changeovers in the Chamber. If you're leaving the Chamber, please do so promptly. The bell will be rung two minutes before proceedings restart. Any Members arriving after the changeover should wait until then before entering the Chamber.

The next statement is from the Minister for Education and the Welsh Language on qualifications in 2021. I call the Minister to make his statement—Jeremy Miles.

Thank you, Llywydd. In my statement on ‘Renew and reform’, I confirmed that we would be putting learners first, supporting their well-being and confidence and providing opportunities for them to develop key skills and knowledge to enable them to make progress. These are principles that have informed our approach to the qualifications this summer. I want to wholeheartedly thank teachers and lecturers who have supported their learners through a new approach, working under time pressure to enable them to make progress. I understand that this has been very challenging. I also want to thank the design and delivery advisory group, chaired by Geraint Rees, bringing together headteachers and college principals from across Wales. They have come together weekly to co-construct an approach, responding with agility to new challenges. They have relentlessly focused on the needs of learners, their well-being and their progression. Today, I published a letter from the chair of the design group, which highlights the collective role of the education sector as a whole in delivering a system where learners feel that they fully deserve the qualifications they receive. The approach for 2021 puts trust in the holistic judgment of centres. Learners will receive a grade based on evidence of their learning that will only have been assessed on the content covered by their school or college. Centres have been asked to consider equalities issues as part of their approach. They can draw on a range of assessment evidence, reflecting the variation of experience at learner and local levels, and a clear route has also been developed for private candidates to achieve their qualifications.

To promote fairness and consistency, this flexibility has been scaffolded by guidance, by exemplar materials and professional learning. The Welsh Government has provided over £9 million to support schools and colleges as well as allocating a national inset day. There are both internal and external quality assurance mechanisms, including professional dialogue with the WJEC on grade outcomes at centre level, a feature that was requested by the sector in 2020. I can reassure Members that the WJEC will not change any outcomes as a result of this dialogue; those remain decisions of centres. Reflecting the different delivery model this year, the WJEC has been able to reduce its fees by 42 per cent, releasing a further £8 million to schools and colleges. Recognising the role of centres, I'm providing a further £1.6 million to enable fees to be reduced to 50 per cent.

Schools and colleges are now managing centre reviews of grades requested by learners as part of the appeals process. I am confident that learners will have access to a fair and workable route of appeal. Where a centre review has taken place, should the learner wish to pursue further, a second route is available via WJEC. This approach, which is unique to Wales, has been developed to minimise the burden on schools and colleges during the holidays. I am today confirming that appeals will be free.

This year is distinct from previous years. Some learners prefer exams, and some will do better in continuous assessment. These learners have experienced significant disruption as well as adapting to a new approach to assessment. I am confident that we have developed a system that is transparent, fair, equitable and credible. Learners can have confidence in the grades awarded, and so too can the wider education system and employers, within and beyond Wales. We have supported schools, colleges and higher education institutions to support learners in transitioning to their next steps.

Wales was, of course, the first to cancel the summer examinations, but all four UK nations are now on a broadly similar path. We remain closely engaged with our counterparts to achieve a level playing field for learners across the UK, and this is particularly important for higher education admissions. Universities in Wales and the Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol have collaborated under the leadership of the Open University to introduce University Ready, an online platform of resources ranging from study skills to support for mental health and well-being.

Finally, I would like to update Members on vocational qualifications that are regulated jointly with other administrations. For qualifications similar to GSCEs and A-levels, for example BTECs, grades will be determined by schools and colleges in a similar way to general qualifications, and will be awarded no later than GSCEs and A-levels. For other vocational qualifications used for progression or licence to practise, qualifications have been adapted and assessments can continue where it is safe to do so. Further education institutions have been awarded £26 million to allow for the safe return of learners to ensure vocational programmes are completed.

Can I start by also paying tribute to our schools, colleges and teachers across Wales for everything that they have done to support our children and young people through this extraordinarily difficult 15 months, under enormous pressures? I, too, would also like to wish the very best of luck to our learners, who have shown remarkable understanding and resilience, as you said, Minister, in the last year or so.

Llywydd, I welcome the Minister's statement and recognise the hard work of everyone involved, from designing, delivering and assessing to trying to ensure that learners across Wales receive the fairest grades possible this year following last year's unacceptable fiasco. Working hard to design a system using assessments to better support and evidence the grades given to learners was a necessary step to ensure that this year's cohort don't share the same experiences as last year's. It is my sincere hope that these potential centre-determined grades, which are starting to be delivered to learners already, fairly reflect the hard work and potential of our young people, and that the appeals process is robust and proves fit for purpose.

Last year, the grade inflation was massive, Minister, and entirely unsustainable. There is undoubtedly going to be a degree of grade inflation this year, Minister, due to the nature of the process in place. But what proportion of students would you expect to see achieving A* to C grades this year, Minister? The potential grades being delivered between now and 2 July seem to be a sensible adaptation that Wales has adopted, which does differ from the rest of the UK, giving learners that time to appeal before the recess, and before the official result stays. This is, of course, to be welcomed, I'm sure, across the Chamber, so that students can actually celebrate their hard work on those results days. I also welcome the process being free, as you've announced today.

Obviously, there was some understandable concern, Minister, over stage 1 of the appeals process. The last thing that any of us want is to put a significant extra burden on teachers and schools after what they've been through with the pandemic, where they've gone above and beyond for us. It does, however—if it doesn't prove to be overburdened—seem to be a natural and sensible first step to appeal to a learner's own school before the WJEC. It seems, through early indications, talking to stakeholders, Minister, that so far, so good in terms of the number of appeals coming forward, but obviously there's a long way to go yet. Minister, could I ask you to please publish a rolling update on the number of appeals? And could you also please share with this Chamber today, Minister, what you'll be doing to support learners that are using an English-based exam board, to highlight the different process that they have in place, compared to the WJEC process that you've outlined, ensuring that all Welsh learners across Wales have the full support from us that they need?

I thank the welcome that the Member gave to that statement. She's posed a series of questions; I'll do my best to try and run through them as comprehensively but briefly as I can. I don't think it's helpful to talk about grade inflation. We will see that some learners prefer and perform better with exams, and some will do better in continuous assessment. There has been an equalities lens that has been applied to the design of assessment at a centre level. What I can say with certainty is that learners this year will have provided evidence of attainment, and that we've supported schools to deliver a consistent, fair and fairly-applied approach so that learners can have confidence in the grades that they will be awarded.

In relation to the first step, as she calls it, I actually think that's an important step because it gives learners an early indication of their prospective grades, and provides them with the opportunity of seeking a review, and provides them with an opportunity of taking that forward to appeal if they're not content with that. And I think the fact that that first step is happening during term time has the effect of meaning that in Wales—I think uniquely—that work will be done during term time rather than during the summer holidays, and gives students that assurances of the direction in which they're going. If students are given grades now that they are content with, those will be the grades that they have, just to be clear. I've read speculation in the press about a sense of limbo. If learners have got the grades and if they wish to review them, that's a matter for them and they're obviously entitled to do that, but if they're content with their grades, those are their grades.

In relation to students doing English exam boards, there are reciprocal arrangements, and in relation to private candidates, either those will be assessed with centres with which they have existing relationships, or by the WJEC in centres that have agreed to host them.

In relation to the fees, a 50 per cent discount is a significant discount. Teachers have worked incredibly hard to deliver the assessments required for this summer, but the WJEC also has had a very significant role in providing guidance and resource and quality assurance and materials in order to enable that to happen. They are themselves a charity and therefore they need to ensure that their costs are reflected in that. The announcement I've made today will release significant further moneys into the system.

In relation to guidance to learners, Qualifications Wales has published a guide to learners about the appeals process.

In relation to vocational arrangements, there are some qualifications where, because of the very nature of them, they may be qualifications in sectors, for example, that because of COVID have been under restrictions. Social care would be a good example of that. We have invested £26 million in the sector to support the sector to address that, and a further £41.5 million to support learners who are transitioning through those qualifications, but there will be examples where that has not been, obviously, as straightforward, unfortunately.

I'm very pleased to have listened to this afternoon's statement, and I'm pleased that you've listened to the suggestion that I made in the Senedd last week, namely to reduce exam fees for schools. As a former chair of governors, I am highly aware that paying for examinations is an important element of a school budget. It didn't appear to be fair that schools were facing bills similar to ones that they would have faced pre COVID, given that much of the burden of assessment this year has fallen on our teachers and our schools.

Last week, I quoted one school that was facing a bill of £100,000 for examination fees, so they will certainly welcome this news that that's to be halved. But most school leaders in Wales do believe that the exam fees should be reduced more than that. I don't think you answered the question raised earlier on that issue; is there more good news in the pipeline for schools? Is there scope to reduce these fees further? I think the Association of School and College Leaders would be calling for another 25 per cent reduction.

The hope, of course, is that the funding released from the exam budget line will remain in schools and can be used by schools. So, will you ensure that this additional funding does remain within our schools? And will you be providing guidance for schools to use these funds directly as bonus payments for staff? That's the intention in Scotland, and we should give direct remuneration to teachers who have taken on these additional tasks because of changes in assessment practices. Providing a bonus of hundreds of pounds would be a clear signal and would turn warm words into acts in thanking the teaching profession that has given so much during this period and has gone that extra mile for our children and young people.

The system has created great challenges and heavier work burdens. So, I would like to know what mental health and well-being support will be available to teachers who have taken on that additional burden on top of the bureaucracy that they're required to deal with on a daily basis.

In terms of pupils, and of course they are the most important people here, there is uncertainty as a result of what's happening this year, and those hoping to go on to university will have to wait until the official A-Level results day, which is 10 August, to know exactly what their fate is to be. I hear what you've said, but I would like an assurance that your Government will lead in this area and that there will be sufficient support and information available for our pupils. So, I would like some further detail on that.

Just one final point from me: there will be some pupils who will need to resit examinations. There are still some who are being assessed—the process hasn't concluded yet, has it? Unfortunately, there will be an increasing number of people who will be affected by the third wave that is happening all around us at the moment in terms of COVID. So, what support will you provide to that particular cohort of pupils? Thank you.

Thank you to Siân Gwenllian for those questions. In terms of the questions on fees, well, the provision that we have ensured today as well as what the Welsh Joint Education Committee has provided, ensures that the examination costs are halved. I think it is important, as I have already said, to acknowledge and recognise the work that teachers are doing to ensure that pupils and learners are assessed, but in addition to that, the WJEC has had a role in providing support, resources, and advice in that context as well, and I think that what has been stated today reflects that too.

In terms of budget, that's a budget in the schools for them to use. As my predecessor stated in the first support package for the education system to deal with the impact of this summer, the budget is available to support dealing with assessments and appeals, acknowledging that there are pressures on schools in terms of teachers' time, administrative resources, and so on. So, that provision also enables schools to make decisions to ensure that resources are used in a way that reflects the needs of their workforce and their local needs in that regard.

In terms of mental health support, as part of our holistic, whole-school approach framework, we stated that there is support available for teachers and school leaders, and one-on-one mentorship has been provided already to ensure that there is capacity in the system to support teachers with their own mental health, as well as the ability for them then to support their pupils who have been through a very hard time over the past year.

You talked about uncertainty. I'll just say one thing again if I may. If a pupil has received the grades they need for the offer they have received from university, well, those grades are consistent now; they have been stated, and if they are content with those grades, those grades won't change. We need to be clear about that, because I don't want them to feel any uncertainty in that context. With regard to access to university more widely than that, we are working with HEFCW, with UCAS and with universities in Wales to ensure that communication with students is clear and appropriate. And Qualifications Wales has also set up a higher education stakeholder group to ensure that people understand, in that sector, the process that is ongoing in Wales this year.

Minister, I agree wholeheartedly with pupils receiving teacher-based assessments throughout this difficult time. But having met with teachers in Rhondda, the new system has put tremendous strain on the profession. How will the Minister support teachers through the next academic year? Also, what support will be made available for students who do not receive the grades they were expecting?

I thank the Member for that question. In relation to what the next academic year looks like, she'll be mindful of the announcements I made yesterday in relation to categorisation and in relation to school performance measures and their suspension for the 2021-22 academic year, and also in relation to the approach that Estyn will be taking to inspections over the course of the next year, which I hope—and it is certainly intended to—create space in the system to enable teachers, in the way that she wants, to be able to focus their energies on supporting students, both in responding to COVID and in terms of their progression, and also preparing for the new curriculum. In addition to that, there will be support that is available to support teachers themselves in that process, as part of the Renew and Reform programme that I announced a few weeks ago.

In relation to students who don't get the grades that they need, in the same way as every year, there will be support available to those to provide them with advice for the options that they have as a consequence of their results. But I want to be very clear that I think it's very important that we acknowledge that the system that has been put in place, in very, very challenging circumstances, is one that is designed to achieve both fairness, but also consistency, so that learners and employers and the education sector at large can have confidence in it.

Thank you, Minister.

I'm very sorry to tell the Chamber that the Minister who is responsible for making the next statement is not present, either on Zoom or in the Chamber. I know that a number of Members want to ask questions on this highly trailed statement, but the Minister is not present at this point. I'll pause the meeting for a few minutes to see if the Minister can be found.

The next statement is a statement by the Deputy Minister for Climate Change on a roads review, and I call on the Deputy Minister to make the statement. Lee Waters.

Diolch, Llywydd. The world's scientists are telling us in very clear terms that we urgently need to cut our greenhouse gas emissions. Since 1990, Welsh emissions have fallen by 31 per cent, but to reach our statutory target of net zero by 2050 we need to do much more. As the UK Climate Change Committee reminded us last week, if we’re going to keep temperature rises within safe limits, in the next 10 years we need to more than double all the cuts we’ve managed over the last 30 years.

To hit the 2050 target, the Climate Change Committee has told us we need to cut emissions in the next decade by 63 per cent, and by 2040 they need to fall by 89 per cent. On our current trajectory, we will not achieve net zero until around 2090. The challenge is stark and will require everyone, including the Government, to consider the impact of their choices.

Transport makes up some 17 per cent of our total emissions and so must play its part. Earlier this year I published the Welsh Government's new Wales transport strategy, 'Llwybr Newydd'. It sets out a bold vision for transport in Wales over the next two decades. It included, for the first time, a modal shift target, which requires us to aim for 45 per cent of journeys to be by sustainable forms of transport by 2045, up from 32 per cent currently. To achieve these targets we need a shift away from spending money on projects that encourage more people to drive, and invest in real alternatives that give people a meaningful choice.

Our programme for government commits to introducing a far-reaching bus Bill in this Senedd term to make it easier to integrate the timetables of buses and trains. Bus operators have said that the main barrier to increasing patronage is reliability and journey times, so we will take action to give buses greater priority on our roads and we will look too at bus fares.

This year we'll be spending more than any other part of the UK per head on active travel investment to encourage people to walk or cycle for local journeys. Two out of three journeys in Wales are under five miles in length. With the right investment, and with encouragement, there's huge potential to get most people using sustainable transport for most everyday journeys—not all journeys, not all people, but the majority. It's do-able, and there are many countries where it is already done.

Understanding the data in relation to transport also gives us headroom to make choices, and, as the data and the science change, the choices we have to make alter. We must use the headroom we have wisely if we are to meet our climate change targets. To this end, we are announcing a pause on all new road schemes while we review our existing commitments.

Officials are in the final stages of establishing a roads review panel, which will include some of the UK's leading experts on transport and climate change. The panel will consider setting tests for when new roads are the right solutions for transport problems, in line with the new Wales transport strategy. And I want the review to consider how we can shift spending towards better maintaining our existing roads, rather than building new ones, as was recommended by the cross-party Economy, Infrastructure and Skills Committee in the last Senedd.

We'll publish the full terms of reference for the review and the full membership in due course. It'll be for the panel to review all of our proposed road investments, whether funded directly by the Welsh Government on the strategic road network, or indirectly, by grants, on the local road network, so that all future projects align with the three priorities of the new transport strategy: to reduce the need to travel, to allow people and goods to move more easily from door to door by sustainable forms of transport, and to encourage people to make the change.

The new Wales transport strategy embeds the use of sustainable transport planning hierarchy, and the panel will use this to make sure we are encouraging travelling by walking, cycling and public transport ahead of private motor vehicles. To make sure this approach is fully embedded in our investment decisions and those taken by other delivery partners, we're also reviewing Welsh transport appraisal guidance, our decision-making framework for transport projects, so that it is consistent with 'Llwybr Newydd' and uses the five ways of working set out in the Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015. The review will provide an initial report to Ministers within three months of appointment, setting out how it'll go about its task, and the final report shall be provided within nine months of that, setting out the findings of the review.

All parties in this Senedd have committed to taking the threat posed by climate change seriously, and that means acting now to reduce emissions. This will not always be comfortable or easy, Llywydd, but it's what the science requires us to do and what future generations demand of us. Diolch.

Deputy Minister, this statement today will be met with dismay and disappointment by businesses and road users alike. It's a fact that, after 22 years in power, successive Welsh Labour Governments have failed to build an adequate road network. From 2000 to 2019, the Welsh road network has increased by less than 3 per cent, despite the fact that the volume of road traffic has increased by nearly 30 per cent over the same time period. But you have today confirmed Welsh Labour has no plans to deal with the growing traffic on our roads.

You broke a manifesto commitment to deal with the congestion problem on the M4 by building a relief road, wasting £157 million in the process, and you've let road users down again today. Road transport corridors are the arteries of domestic and international trade and boost the overall competitiveness of the Welsh economy. In 2017, there were over 30,000 traffic jams on Welsh roads, which cost the Welsh economy almost £278 million. A proper policy for roads should include ambitious plans to improve our road infrastructure by delivering an M4 relief road, upgrading the A55 in north Wales, and to progress the dualling of the A40 to Fishguard. It should include the bypass for Chepstow and—I apologise for my pronunciation in advance—Llandeilo that residents have been calling for. Instead, these issues have been kicked into the long grass.

Can you advise me, Minister, whether the improvements to the A40 between Llanddewi Velfrey and Penblewin, due to commence this week, will now go ahead or will be delayed due to this review? The roads review should also address the contradictions in the Welsh Government's approach to alleviating air pollution levels. Wales has some of the worst air quality in the UK. It's a fact. Cardiff and Port Talbot both have higher PM10 levels than either Birmingham or Manchester, while Hafodyrynys has the most polluted road in the UK outside of London.

The Welsh Government must commit to reviewing speed limits on major roads in Wales. A constant flow of traffic will not only reduce the amount of particulate matter released by brake wear and tear, but also reduce the amount of carbon dioxide that the acceleration of cars produces. Although the Welsh Government has implemented 50 mph zones in some areas of Wales to keep traffic flowing, and reduced nitrogen dioxide limits, some traffic safety experts have said that permanent 50 mph limits could put motorists in danger. There is evidence that increased congestion leads to driver frustration and reduces their awareness and concentration. Will you agree to address this issue, Deputy Minister? Because you seem hell-bent on letting our roads deteriorate and forcing everyone on to public transport, despite major doubts over the ability of the network in Wales to cope after years of poor management and underinvestment. Welsh workers and businesses urgently require more information about the scope of the review and your long-term intentions for our transport infrastructure, as do we. Thank you.

Well, I just flatly disagree with that analysis of the problem. Natasha Asghar has set out the traditional predict-and-provide approach to road building: traffic is predicted to increase, therefore we will increase the supply of roads. We've pursued that route for 50 years and that has produced more traffic, longer journeys, people working further away from home, higher levels of air pollution and greater levels of obesity, where we have the most obese children in Europe. That's what that approach has produced. It doesn't work, and I don't intend to keep doing the same thing over and over again. It may make for an easy headline, but it is wrong on the evidence, and it is certainly not aligned with what she was saying last week about the need to take climate change seriously. Both she and Janet Finch-Saunders said in the Chamber last week, 'You need to take bold action', and were fully behind the target of achieving climate change, and she has set out a way of doing the exact opposite.

She is quite wrong to say that we are not maintaining roads. In fact, the whole point of this announcement is to reallocate resources towards road maintenance as, as I said, was recommended by unanimous decision of the cross-party committee on the economy in the last Senedd, which recommended we stop building new roads and we prioritise money for maintaining the ones we have—under a Conservative Chair, I might add.

On the specific question of the Llanddewi Velfrey to Redstone Cross scheme, as we've said, all schemes where there are currently diggers in the ground will continue, and that is one of them. So, that's one thing at least I hope we can agree on the facts on.

Minister, thank you for your statement. We have an opportunity, after the pandemic, to build a nation that will benefit future generations, and investing in public transport, active travel and green infrastructure will be a crucial part of this. However, it is vital that we ensure that communities that have been waiting a long time for investment in infrastructure are not left behind.

You noted that we need a shift away from spending money on projects that encourage more people to drive and spend more money on maintaining our roads and invest in real alternatives that give people a meaningful choice. May I ask what real alternatives the Welsh Government hopes to invest in? I would welcome greater clarity and detail on that point.

And, with regard to electric transport, how is the Welsh Government ensuring that every area in Wales has a fair share of electric car charging points?

Minister, modal shift is going to be so significantly important in all of this, so what role will areas like fast lanes for public transport and electric vehicles on future roads—how important a role will that play?

And, with reference to your point on maintaining existing roads, I'd like to draw your attention to the most recent UK climate change risk assessment. It points to a number of challenges facing Wales's transport infrastructure, including a greater risk of slope failure due to increased rainfall, and the associated risks with ground subsidence and collapse of pre-existing cavities in the ground from changes in the soil's water content because of climate change. So, could I ask you what your Government will do to ensure that road infrastructure in Wales is part of this, and is going to be resilient to the effects of climate change?

And the final thing I'd ask you, Minister, is about how you'll get buy-in and support from communities who are going to be particularly affected by this. Again, think again of communities who've been waiting a long time for investment in infrastructure. What engagement will you be having with those communities who are most likely to be affected by these decisions, please?

Thank you for the comments, and I would hope that there's a great deal of common ground between the Welsh Government and Plaid Cymru on this issue. I note during the election campaign we were criticised for not being bold enough, not moving fast enough on climate change. I believe your party had a commitment to achieving net zero by 2035 and said that we were too slow in going for 2050. Now, already to achieve the 2050 challenges, as I said in my statement, there are considerable challenges for us to act further and faster than we have. So, as you think we should go faster than that still, I would have hoped that you'd be on side with us in at least recognising what the problem is and what some of the solutions are. So, I hope we can work together as constructively on that agenda.

These aren't easy issues and they do throw up tensions, and some of the things will be difficult and unpopular, and I don't resile from that; I think we have to confront that. We can only bring people with us if we show people there is a better alternative. In all behaviour change dynamics, people will do the easiest thing to do, and we need to make the right thing to do the easiest thing to do. We've seen that through recycling, we've seen it through smoking in public places, in drink driving. There is precedent for how we can do this, but it's not going to be easy.

You're absolutely right about the issue of adaptation, from the carbon emissions that are already baked in, and we're already seeing, in the last couple of years, the impact of wetter winters and drier summers. So, there is going to be an impact on our existing infrastructure, and, as you said, the Climate Change Committee set that out in quite stark detail. We've set aside money this year and last year for a resilient roads programme to try and address where infrastructure is collapsing. As I said in the statement, I want us to move money towards maintaining the roads we have, and, as we maintain them, to improve them, to put in measures that encourage bus use, to put in bus lanes, to put in segregated cycle lanes, to upgrade the infrastructure to encourage sustainable transport. That is part of the agenda that we have.

I think we need to work through this systematically. There is a bus Bill that we're committed to introduce; I want to make that bus Bill as ambitious as possible. The challenge we have, I think, if we're all honest about this, is that the pace of change that science demands, there's a tension with that and the pace at which we can bring about change, given how complex the landscape is and how long it takes to get infrastructure projects through the process. So, this is not easy.

On the question of communities who have been waiting a long time for improvements, I think that is a very fair challenge, and I think we just have to have an honest conversation about what change looks like. Because I think we've told people that simply putting in highways gets rid of the problem, when the truth is it shifts the problem, and it creates a different problem. The one thing we're asking this review to do is to come up with a set of rules for us as to when highways will be the right thing to do, because we're not saying we're not going to build roads again, but we are saying they'll need to be in specific circumstances—this headroom concept: it's limited, and we have to spend it wisely. So, I would anticipate them looking at schemes that have a particular safety focus or an air-quality focus, or for access to new industrial or housing estates, for example, there'll be a case for saying that road building is part of the solution. Simply tackling congestion and building to the predict-and-provide model we've heard from the Conservatives, I don't think the evidence backs that up as providing a long-term solution, and all of us have to focus on short-term difficulties against doing the right thing for future generations.

Minister, with an increase in the number of people walking, running and cycling closer to home throughout the pandemic, and with the difficulties for parents in keeping a social distance outside school gates, I was really pleased to see funding to introduce more 20 mph zones in my constituency, Rhondda, to keep residents safe. I think it's really important that we build on this work, as well as the active travel routes work already under way by Welsh Government and local authorities, over the next Senedd term.

One area I'd like to further discuss with the Minister is Rhondda Fach. We currently have a bypass that runs from Porth to Pontygwaith, leaving residents of Tylorstown, Ferndale, Blaenllechau and Maerdy in long queues of traffic at peak travel times. Air pollution is a very real threat to us and future generations, so will the Minister meet with me to discuss potential travel solutions for residents in Rhondda Fach, incorporating public transport and safe travel space for cyclists and pedestrians?

Thank you. Yes, of course, I'd be happy to meet, and that's an interesting example of where a bypass was built, what, 10 years ago now—I remember going to the opening ceremony—where that has created a set of solutions, but simply adds pressure further down the road network, leading to demands for further bypasses. That's the kind of predict-and-provide solution that I was describing earlier that we simply can't keep on doing that approach to transport if we are serious about meeting our climate change targets.

That said, there is clearly a problem in her constituency that is a very real one for people's health and for their ability to move around freely, and that is the dilemma we face. Finding a way through that is going to be the challenge of this Senedd term, and I hope the panel we've set up will help us to do that.

In terms of the 20 mph point, from two years' time, we are committed to introducing default 20 mph speed limits for all residential areas, not just for small schemes, but for a whole area, because we need to reduce the speed of traffic to save children's lives, and as part of the whole changing of the environment, to shift the power away from the car being the king in the community to people being king. And that, I think, will improve people's quality of life overall.

Deputy Minister, what assessment has the Minister made of the economic impact of not proceeding with plans that were already proposed for construction, supply chain and local economic benefits? Which developments reliant on new roads, junctions or bridges will now be stopped as a result of this announcement, in particular, the impact on the proposed new cancer centre in Cardiff, which can only be accessed by new Welsh Government-funded roads and bridges? And in my own region, the development of the windfarm at Margam mountain requires solutions other than going through the town of Maesteg.

In May, the BBC reported that the UK Government was reviewing its road-building programme because more people were working from home. It would be interesting to see if this is the basis on which this Welsh Government statement is also being made. Welsh Government is responsible for trunk roads and motorways, whilst the local authorities are responsible for local roads. There are some schemes already in progress and planned for development; does this review potentially cancel any of these out? In any review, we did want an assurance that local government would be properly resourced to maintain and fix existing roads to ensure that they are safe and that councils participate in that review. Thank you.

Well, I think quite a number of the points that Altaf Hussain mentioned were actually addressed in my statement, so I'll just give him a chance to reflect on that, and if he has further questions I'm happy to answer them.

On the specific question of the cancer centre, that is not covered within the scope of this review, because that is a scheme to give access to a project; it is not a local authority or Welsh Government highway scheme. And similarly access roads to windfarms. Again, we are not being fanatical about this. There is a case for road building, I'm not saying there isn't, but it can't be the default response to every single transport problem we have, which it has been often.

He interestingly mentioned the UK Government. Of course, as well as committing to reaching net zero by 2050, they've announced a £27 billion road programme. They seem to think those two things are compatible, I don't. But they are indicating a change of thinking, as he mentioned, because of the fact that people are commuting less to work and that is likely to continue. So I'd very much welcome a change of heart by the UK Government. I think we have been quite consistent in our approach: we've set out a Wales transport strategy, that has a commitment to modal shift, and that requires a shift of resources and focus.

We're not stopping building infrastructure—in terms of his point about the economic impact—we're just building different infrastructure, infrastructure that is resilient to the changes of climate change, which all parties say they want to tackle. But again, when it comes to the particulars of making the difficult choices necessary to make that real, people resile from it. We will not.

Thank you very much for the statement, Deputy Minister. I agree with the main principles contained within it and the objectives set out in terms of tackling the huge challenges of climate change. But I must express my disappointment today on behalf of the people of Llandeilo with your statement, which ceases the work on the bypass for the town. As one who lives two or three miles from Llandeilo and shops and socialises in the town, I know how disappointed people will be on hearing today's news.

As you know, Llandeilo has very high levels of air pollution, which are higher than the acceptable standards. I heard you mention last week the importance of a clean air Act, and I agree entirely with you on that. But the road through the middle of Llandeilo is dangerous. This is the highway, as you know, from the south-west of Wales to the A40, going on to the midlands. And I have seen myself on so many occasions lorries and buses trying to pass each other and having to mount the pavements in order to pass. The people of Llandeilo fear going to the town centre because of these difficulties and problems. It's a road that was originally planned for a horse and cart, not for HGVs, buses and coaches, and there is no way of widening that road.

Now, I fully accept that we need to take a step back and consider how we reduce our use of private vehicles and tackle climate change, particularly, as you said, in relation to new projects. But the Llandeilo bypass is not a new project.

Deputy Minister, you will be aware that the need for a bypass in Llandeilo isn't something recent; the people of Llandeilo have been crying out for this for over 50 years. The case in my view is clear; it's been won. Indeed, the Welsh Government agreed in 2016 to fund this bypass as part of a package deal agreed with Plaid Cymru at the time. Since then, we've had numerous Welsh Government studies and consultations, even as recently as two years ago. But instead of delivering, we've seen delay after delay, with the announcement last year that it would be delayed until 2025. Today's announcement is a further let-down for the town and its people again.

So, the question is: what's your message for the people of Llandeilo today, who have been let down once again by the Government, and how do you intend to plan to meet their hopes and aspirations in terms of clean air in the town, and traffic safety for those walking on pavements in the town too? Thank you.

Thank you. I think it's important we take a consistent approach. We're saying that all schemes that currently aren't under construction need to be within the scope of the review, because the review needs to make a set of judgments about when road schemes, are the right solution to problems in the future. I think it would look very odd if we'd left Llandeilo out of the whole-Wales review and I would have certainly raised some questions.

You mentioned the studies that we've gone through. The way that the WelTAG approach works is not to start the process with a road in mind; it's to start the process with a transport problem in mind and work through that transport problem. Too often, local authorities have gone through this process—I visited Pendoylan in the Vale of Glamorgan this morning; another case in point, a road that's no longer going ahead—where people start that process with a predetermined view, 'We want a road', without sincerely going through the process of how do we address the problems consistent with the future generations Act, consistent with our climate change emissions, to tackle the problem. Maybe the problem can be tackled in ways other than building a road.

What I've said in the case of Llandeilo is that the WelTAG stage 2 process is nearing completion. I'm not going to stop that process, even though the review is undergoing; I'm going to let it reach the next decision point, in which case we expect some short-term recommendations from WelTAG of improvements that can be made soon in Llandeilo to help alleviate the situation. I'm very familiar with it, and I have great sympathy with the people of the town. It's worth noting that there's not a unanimous view in the town about the desirability of a bypass, but there's certainly a unanimous view that there is a problem in the town, and I fully agree with that. So, I think we'll let WelTAG finish its process, we'll look at what it comes up with, and we will support and fund those. Then, as part of the broader review, one of the questions for the panel when there are cases like Llandeilo—and there are cases in my own constituency where there are demands for bypasses to tackle air quality; cases, I must say, that I have argued against on climate change grounds, and I think it's important to be consistent—is whether in cases of air quality a road is the right solution. That's something I expect the panel to take a view on in the case of Llandeilo.

Thank you, Minister, for your statement today. I note your comments about future roads aligning with the Welsh Government transport priorities and tests that can be set by the panel, so could you provide us with any wider context, building on your earlier replies to Delyth Jewell and Cefin Campbell, around what might be considered a good road that's suitable for investment?

Secondly, I note your comments about improving and better integrating bus provision. Are you able to provide any more information about how we can ensure that we meet this objective, providing joined-up services that are actually fit for purpose and will encourage people onto buses? I accept your point about the majority of journeys in Wales being under 5 miles, but if that 5 miles is uphill, on steep roads such as Monk Street in Aberdare or Darran Road in Mountain Ash, with two or three bags of shopping, then there are greater barriers to active travel for many, and buses would seem to be the most appropriate solution.

On that final point, I would note that 50 years ago, we had significantly higher levels of public transport use, walking and cycling, and the hills haven't suddenly appeared in the last 50 years. I think what has changed is our attitudes, our expectations and our habits, and that is the challenge for us, in behavioural change. There is no one solution to tackling carbon emissions in transport; there is a battery of solutions. I think we've seen through the increase of remote working one that we didn't think was available to us—to reduce the need to travel in the first place, and the creation of co-working hubs as we have right across the Valleys, through the Valleys taskforce, as part of our broader project of trialling different approaches so that people don't have to make a long commute every day.

In terms of public transport, we need a legislative set of proposals in place, we need to look again at the subsidy and the commercial arrangements, and we need to look at the fares. There's a great deal that we need to do. The Fflecsi project that we've been trialling in Newport of demand-responsive buses has got a real potential for us. Because one of the difficulties we've got with buses is that buses have become a social justice issue as much as a climate change or transport issue. Transport for Wales surveys show that 80 per cent of bus passengers have no alternative other than to use the bus, and I'm afraid, because of the direction of transport policy over a long time, buses have become the preserve of people who have no option. They've been the preserve of people on lower incomes and older people, and we need to make buses for everybody. The demand-responsive model, I think, has a chance of attracting new people onto buses who otherwise would not have thought buses are for them. I think that is part of our challenge.

In terms of the first question—to complete my going in reverse through the points made—the question of what is a good road, as I think Vikki Howells put it, I wouldn't quite put it in that way. When is a road the right solution? I don't have a fixed view on that. That's something for the experts on the panel to come up with, because that's what we need help with. That's why we've set up this project. I'm clear that roads have a role to play in our transport system. I strongly believe we've not been maintaining the current roads we have well enough. And again, the inquiry that I believe she sat on with the Economy, Infrastructure and Skills Committee in the last Senedd heard lots of evidence and made recommendations on the state of our roads. I think we should be spending more money on maintaining what we've got, but then still building roads when that is necessary. The question of when that is necessary is the advice I'm seeking from this panel.

Of course, traffic congestion itself is polluting, and people, having more options than they did 50 years ago, will continue to use cars because of convenience, necessity, weather, locality or simply the freedom of the road. As you say, you're going to pause on all new road schemes while you review your existing commitments, so as you say, it's not an absolute door shut—it's a delay. Of course, the cars of the future are going to be different vehicles, more environmentally friendly, very different technology, so it's not simply a trade-off, pro or anti-environment. It's different technology, different options, different choices in the future.

In 2007, a Welsh Government consultation identified eight options for easing traffic congestion crossing to and from Anglesey, including a new bridge. I raised this with the previous First Minister exactly four years ago, in June 2017, here. I said:

'clearly, congestion on the existing Menai and Britannia bridges has been a problem for many years. It’s a decade since a Welsh Government-commissioned report identified eight options, including a new bridge, but that didn’t go forward to delivery. You said last May'—

in 2016—

'that you’d promise to make the third crossing your priority for north Wales if you form a Government and, of course, your Government announced before Christmas'—

in 2016—

'that it had appointed consultants to look at routes for a proposed new crossing to Anglesey, which could begin by 2021 if it gets the go-ahead.'

I asked him to

'provide an assurance that we’re not going to have a re-run of 2007 when we had similar assurances after a commissioned report was produced for the Welsh Government and that you envisage this going ahead'.

The First Minister at the time replied:

'We have appointed Aecom to support our next phase of the development work. That will result in the announcement of a preferred route in May 2018. Our aim is to see the third Menai crossing open in 2022.'

That was a pledge four years ago. How watertight are pledges today, or do you have something to tell us about the Menai crossing?

Finally, speaking here last month, I called for a Welsh Government statement on its current position regarding the A55/A494/A548 Flintshire corridor. The Labour Welsh Government announced in 2017 they'd decided on the Flintshire red route option to the A55 at Northop. I subsequently raised constituents' concerns regarding this with the former economy Minister on many occasions, highlighting issues including environmental impact on habitats, meadows and ancient woodland. Last September, he said that they were due to carry out some environmental investigations along the preferred route in autumn 2020. Last October, he said, 'We're continuing with the next stage of development on the Flintshire corridor improvement, and are currently procuring a designer to develop the design of proposals in more detail'. It sounds like a lot of money's been spent.

As Mark Isherwood said, he has persistently made the case against the red route and, as the old line goes, some people just won't take 'yes' for an answer. We've now responded to that by freezing the scheme and reviewing it. I would have thought he would've welcomed that. I know he's not one to praise the Welsh Government easily, but I thought that was something that he would be a little more gracious about. He is right; the problems remain. This is true across all of Wales. These roads have been developed because there are problems, and if roads aren't going to be the solutions to all of them, then we do need to look at other solutions. That is the challenge before us, and that is partly the challenge that we're going to give the commission to come up with solutions to.

On the case of the second Menai crossing, a key part of the case—[Interruption.] Sorry; the third Menai crossing. We're struggling to have a consensus on how many crossings there are on the Menai. On the Menai crossing—let's at least say that and be ambiguous about the number of bits of it—a key part of the case for that obviously was to deal with the traffic for the new nuclear power station at Wylfa that was anticipated. As we know, sadly that is not now going ahead, and the case for that road has been impacted by that change of circumstances. As I said in the statement, all schemes not currently in the ground need to be reviewed, and there needs to be a set of metrics developed to decide which ones should go ahead and which ones shouldn't. In the meantime, we can reallocate some of that funding towards road maintenance and improving public transport. So, the problems that Mark Isherwood identified can be dealt with in other ways.

The work of the Burns commission in Newport has been quite instructive in this, where there was a very clear view by many that the only solution to dealing with that congestion was a motorway through the Gwent wetlands, whereas the detailed work of the Burns commission shows that, actually, that traffic can be dealt with by creating a modern public transport system for half the price. That work is now going forward through a delivery board and through close working with Newport council, Transport for Wales and the Welsh Government. That, I think, provides a blueprint for other parts of Wales where there is congestion, and where public transport is a realistic alternative for many of those journeys—as I said in my statement, not for every person, not for every journey, but for a sufficient number to make a difference to the problem.

Deputy Minister, you will know that the content of this statement will have a big impact on residents in my constituency, particularly children, who are significantly impacted by the air pollution that this investment was supposed to address. Can I ask you, Minister, how confident are you that this will be addressed by the outcome of the review and that any future measures will have a measurable impact on air pollution on roads in Alyn and Deeside?

Secondly, Minister, you will know that businesses in my constituency need people to travel across north Wales and the north-west of England to work—to travel to work in them, and also to connect efficiently with their supply chain across that region. Can I ask you how confident, therefore, you are that this review will answer the questions those businesses are asking when considering important investment decisions in Alyn and Deeside?

In terms of the impact on business, one of the problems businesses have is congestion where you have people using cars to make journeys that could be made by other ways, but instead are snarling up the road network. So, if we get this right, we can take traffic off the road that doesn't need to be there, where there are practical alternatives. I repeat the figure that two-thirds of all journeys are for distances of under 5 miles; they're not these long-distance, complex business journeys that we often hear about. It's freeing up the road for those journeys where there isn't an alternative to take place without being delayed by traffic that could be displaced. So, I think that's an important thing to say.

In terms of air quality, this is one of the issues that this Senedd is going to have to face: what goes into a clean air Bill, how ambitious and bold we want to be about that, what package of measures improves air quality. There is a vision for simply building bypasses all across Wales, to shift the problem from one place to another. I'm not convinced entirely that that deals with the issue of air quality. Clearly, as tailpipe emissions fall away, as cars are increasingly electrified, that's going to have a significant impact on local air quality within town centres, and behaviour change is a very important part of it, too. If we can achieve modal shift, we can reduce traffic, we can reduce pollution and we can reduce congestion. We can do that quicker than we can through heavy engineering interventions, and we can do it cheaper, and reproduce other benefits too. So, I think there is a complex mixture. I think the go-to default option that too often has been had, that air quality is best dealt with by a road, I think needs a more granular look, and that's one of the things I hope the review will deal with, because I completely recognise the point, and as I said, I'm familiar with it in my own constituency. Cars pollute. They kill. They produce air that damages the health of people, and we need to tackle it. The best way to tackle it—I think that's something that we're still figuring out, and that's what I hope the review will help us with.

Thank you very much to the Deputy Minister for your statement this afternoon, and I hope it wasn't a traffic jam that caused your delay this afternoon, as that would be slightly ironic. I'm sure you'll agree with me that most roads are necessary, and we will not address the climate emergency by simply banning road building. In order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, we must look at the journeys taking place on the roads and, wherever possible, look to active travel.

My constituents in the Vale of Clwyd lost a vital active travel route when storm Christoph washed away the Llanerch bridge, removing the only viable active travel route between Trefnant and Tremeirchion. Imagine the dismay when the Welsh Government informed the local communities that there were no moneys to replace the bridge, meaning that residents of Trefnant, going westbound on the A55, have to take a 2-mile to 3-mile detour in order to get home, which is in essence causing more pollution to the environment. Deputy Minister, will you now reconsider that decision and ensure the Llanerch bridge is replaced with a structure that's more able to withstand the severe storms that are now more likely due to climate change? Thank you very much.

Thank you very much. I'm afraid I'm not familiar with the situation in Trefnant, but I'm very happy to look at it and have a further conversation with the Member. We are providing this year a record amount of investment for active travel infrastructure—£75 million, which is more per head than any other part of the country—and there is money available this year, on an ongoing basis, for local authorities to bid for schemes that will create local journeys so that people can take everyday journeys, end to end, by foot and by bike, for all those journeys, we know, under 5 miles, where for many people it is a realistic alternative, particularly journeys to school. So, as I say, I'm happy to look in detail at the scheme and to have a further conversation.

Minister, I am as pleased as anyone else that Welsh Government is putting climate change at the centre of its programme for government. Decisions made today must take into consideration the impact they will have on generations tomorrow. However, I am also keen to ensure that all aspects and implications are taken into account when deciding whether road building projects will go ahead, as my colleague, Jack Sargeant said earlier. In particular, public health, in the light of poor air quality levels in residential areas, is a concern of mine—for instance, along the A494 in Flintshire. Will public health concerns be central to the decision-making process going forward?

Another concern of mine, following this statement, is that we are currently in a situation where existing roads are not fit for purpose, following public funding cuts to local authorities as a direct result of the last 10 years of Tory austerity. I know that Flintshire has a backlog of £40 million, and Wrexham's backlog for road repairs is £60 million, so the £20 million from Welsh Government, although it was greatly welcomed last year, needs to significantly increase, just to keep up with the existing road maintenance. Investment is needed in our highways across north Wales, along with active travel and public transport.

Will the Minister make a commitment that funding that has been earmarked for road building projects in north Wales, including the red route of Flintshire corridor and the third Menai crossing, will still be invested in north Wales, whether that be for investment in the maintenance and adaptation of existing highways or for public transport? Could you please let me know if you would look at trunking the A470 in light of the Flintshire corridor, the red route not going ahead? Thank you. Diolch.

Thank you. I certainly agree that we need to be spending more money maintaining the highway network. The highway network is the largest asset that the Welsh Government has, the network within our own ownership, and obviously, that also applies to the local government-owned road network too. I think we need to be spending more money on looking after it. That's one of the consequences that I hope will flow from today's announcement and from our commitment in the Wales transport strategy. So, I entirely agree on that.

I've hopefully addressed many of the points that Carolyn Thomas makes to Jack Sargeant and to others. We are committed to helping people to travel in ways that benefit their health and the environment, that tackle climate change but also serve the other purposes that public transport and transport is there to do. But none of us can avoid the fact that transport accounts for 17 per cent of all our carbon emissions, and if everybody in this Chamber is signed up to achieving net zero by the latest of 2050, those 17 per cent have to go in the mix of us deciding how best to spend that headroom that we have. And the science is only going to get more demanding, let's be clear about that. It may well be that the 2050 target will have to be brought forward in response to that science, and we do need to be prepared to confront the fact that transport decisions and the way we've always done things will need to change in light of that science and that evidence. And that's what this review is meant to start, so that we can have an evidence-based discussion and make informed choices of when the road is the right thing to do and when an alternative is the right thing to do.

Thank you for the good-news story that this is eminently doable, because two thirds of all journeys less than five miles means that most of us can bicycle that short journey, and for those who live in the highlands of my constituency, we now have electric bikes, which we didn't have 50 years ago, so that's another good-news story.

I just want to ask you about something slightly different, which is that there's been a lot of talk in the last 48 hours about the shortage of lorry drivers across Britain and the missing 13,000 lorry drivers who have gone back to other parts of Europe because of the hostile environment created by the UK Government who doesn't think that these are people filling essential skills gaps. Obviously, HGVs are noisy, dangerous and very punishing on road maintenance, and that's certainly not reflected in the HGV vehicle tax. So, I just wondered if the expert roads review panel will be looking at how we use roads to distribute goods and whether we could create a more rational hub-and-spoke distribution network so that the HGVs could deposit their goods at important road interchanges or wholesale markets so that the last part of the journey could be made by small electric vehicles, or, indeed, bicycles in some cases. I just wondered if you could tell us whether that's something that you could start to institute as a matter of urgency.

Thank you. That doesn't fall within the remit of the roads review, but it does fall within the Wales transport strategy that we published in March, and we are looking at that last-mile delivery network and the potential for doing things differently. And as part of this year's funding, we are funding a pilot project using electric bikes to cargo bikes in Swansea, Aberystwyth, Newtown and in Cardiff—particularly adapted bikes—to see what role they can play. Because there's significant evidence to show that they can have a real impact in addressing air quality in towns and cities and efficiency for businesses, because you can deliver much quicker using an electric cargo bike for the last mile than if you were racing around the city in a white van. So, I do think that electric bikes are a game changer, both in towns and cities in terms of deliveries, but also in rural areas for other types of journeys.

And one thing we haven't discussed today in any detail is the implication of today's announcement on rural areas. And I'm very clear that rural areas need to be part of the solution. The approach that we need to take in rural areas will be different from the approach that we take in urban areas. Nonetheless, modal shift is eminently achievable in rural areas too.

We did do some work, which I presented to local authority leaders from rural areas in March, as part of the Wales transport strategy, looking at European countries and their rural areas. We looked at how they, in very similar circumstances—indeed, sometimes more sparse than ours—have, in some examples, far higher instances of bus use, far more frequent services, far more use of active travel, partly through electric bikes, but also through segregated routes. So, there is definitely a rural element to our ambition of achieving modal shift. There has to be. It is a different one, but it is just as important, and we are committed to doing that too.

Thank you, Deputy Minister, and that brings today's proceedings to a close.