Plenary

The next item will be the business statement and announcement, and the Trefnydd will make that statement. Lesley Griffiths.

Diolch, Llywydd. There are three changes to this week's business, all of which are published on the Plenary agendas. After this business statement, the Minister for Economy will make a statement on the steel industry. Later this afternoon, the Minister for Social Justice and Chief Whip will make a statement to update the Senedd on a nation of sanctuary. And finally, as agreed at Business Committee this morning, tomorrow's opposition debates have been reordered. Draft business for the next three weeks is set out on the business statement and announcement, which can be found amongst the meeting papers available to Members electronically.

Trefnydd, can I ask for a statement from yourself, as Minister for rural affairs, regarding the recent announcement from the Prime Minister to ban XL bully dogs following the fatal, tragic attacks by these dogs across the UK? As I'm sure you will be aware, two in four fatal dog attacks involved the breed across the UK in 2021. This figure rose to six in 10 in 2022. Since November 2021 three people have lost their lives because of XL bully dogs in Wales—two in Caerphilly and one in Wrexham—as well as what has been described as a savage and rampant rampage of 22 pregnant sheep that were killed on a farm in north Wales earlier this year. I note that you welcomed this decision on Twitter, but given the extremely concerning statistics, can I request that a statement be made on what the ban is likely to look like here in Wales, or if you intend to take any steps yourself under devolved responsibilities to protect the people of Wales and livestock? Diolch, Llywydd.

Thank you. It is very welcome news from the UK Government—I certainly did welcome it, but it's better late than never. I'm really pleased the UK Government are at last finally taking action. Over the past probably six years, I've written to eight various Home Secretaries and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Secretaries of State, urging them to take some action. The last letter I wrote to Suella Braverman I think was in May; she didn't even give me the courtesy of a response. So, I am very pleased that, now, the Prime Minister has made this announcement.

The Dangerous Dogs Act 1991, obviously, is not devolved, it's a reserved matter, and the UK Government have set up a responsible dog ownership group to have a look at this, and my officials are working very closely with UK Government officials. Of course, we can do things here—we do have some powers, obviously, in relation to this. So, again, I've been looking at responsible dog ownership, and I am looking to hold a multi-agency summit, probably next month, to bring together all organisations, because, as you say, we're seeing far too many dog attacks of the like you described. I think the most important thing now is for my officials to work very closely with UK Government officials to make sure that there are no unforeseen consequences of the ban on XL bullies. We certainly don't want to see a significant number of abandonments, for instance. So, we now need to drill down into the detail. So, at the most appropriate time, I'll be very happy to update Members of the Senedd.

Trefnydd, I'd like to ask for an oral statement, please, by the Minister for Finance and Local Government in terms of the financial situation. We've heard many people talk about the £900 million in terms of this current financial year, but I'd like to know when there will be an opportunity for this Senedd to discuss that.

Also, of course, we're seeing the inclement weather restarting. A number of communities will be concerned about winter coming—flooding once again. We had an update, of course, last week from the Minister for Climate Change, in terms of the independent review of flooding. But one of the things that a number of the communities that I represent are asking about is what are the plans in terms of this winter while a lot of the planning in terms of mitigating the impact of flooding is going on? So, is it possible to have a statement from the Minister for Climate Change in terms of the practical support available to communities that are going to be struck by flooding during these next few months—unfortunately, that will be the reality for many—so that we can ensure that the support is available for them, but that they also know how to obtain that support?

Thank you. As you say, the Minister for Climate Change did update us on the inquiry last week. Obviously, Welsh Government have put forward significant funding to help people who unfortunately were flooded, particularly around the storm Dennis floods back in—it's about five years ago now. I will certainly ask her if there is an update she can bring forward, because I know she has been working closely with local authorities particularly in relation to this coming winter.

With regard to your first question, the Minister for Finance and Local Government will be bringing forward an oral statement next month in relation to the in-year savings that we've had to find as a Government.

Minister, I would like to call for a statement on what conversations the Welsh Government have had with the UK Government and chief constables in Wales regarding the report released by the charity Refuge last week on violence against women and girls in police force areas across Wales and England. That freedom of information request revealed that there were 26 police forces in England and Wales, from May 2022 until May 2023, disclosing over 1,000 cases of violence against women and girls and related misconduct recorded by police forces who returned that data. Four of those were in the Dyfed-Powys police force area, and six in the North Wales police force area. And the FOI found that, in police forces across England and Wales, only 24 per cent of police officers and staff accused of this behaviour were suspended pending the outcome of the investigation. While Dyfed-Powys Police did suspend 100 per cent of all their officers, only 83 of those were suspended in north Wales. Unfortunately, I can't give you any figures for South Wales and Gwent police forces, as they didn't return data to that charity. And they're asking that all officers accused of violence against women and girls should not be considered for alternative duty but automatically suspended pending investigations, and I tend to agree with that statement. So, I'm keen to know, Minister, what conversations you have had, what influence you will bring to bear and whether you would urge South Wales and Gwent Police to actually step up and answer some of these questions.

Thank you. I think Joyce Watson raises a very important point, and I would certainly urge both Gwent police force and South Wales police force to release that data, so that we can get that complete picture right across all four police authorities. I know that the Minister for Social Justice is aware of the recent data that was released by Refuge on the number of police officers and staff accused of misconduct or gross misconduct related to violence against women and girls, and is very concerned about this and will continue to have discussions both with the chief constables and with the police and crime commissioners. Unfortunately, we know that perpetrators of domestic abuse come from all walks of life and that many hold positions of power and that, then, creates even more barriers for survivors.

I'd like a Government statement, please, relating to the ongoing situation at Ffos-y-fran, where coal is still being extracted a year after the company was told to stop mining. It was the Welsh Government that approved this coal mine in 2005. After the council refused permission in 2014, I believe a Government commissioned report flagged the risk of this land being left unrestored. I'd like to know what action was taken in response, please? And the cost, as we know, to the public purse could now be more than £100 million if the site is abandoned, and only £15 million has been put aside by the company that could be used for restoration. That is quite a gaping difference. So, what action will the Government take to ensure the land will be cleaned and made safe? And in the meantime, the Welsh Government has reportedly profited from the transport of this illegal coal using Transport for Wales rail routes. Can the Government commit in a statement to immediately put an end to any transport of coal from Ffos-y-fran using those tracks? And will you commit to putting any revenue that's been raised from the transporting of that coal over the past year into a community fund for Merthyr Tydfil residents?

Well, the Member will be aware that the appeal and legal proceedings are ongoing at the current time, so it wouldn't be appropriate for Welsh Ministers to bring forward an oral statement at this stage. But I know the Minister will consequently, or subsequently, I should say, receive advice. The policy of the Welsh Government is to bring to a managed end the extraction and use of coal, as you know, and the opening of new coal mines or the extension of existing coal mines in operation in Wales would add to the global supply of coal, having a significant effect on both our and the UK's legally binding carbon budgets. So, that's the absolute policy that we have. I'm not aware of the issue you raise around Transport for Wales, but I'll certainly make some enquiries.

Just to follow up on Sam Kurtz's question, Emma Whitfield lost her son, Jack Lis, to an attack by a very dangerous dog, and in her pinned post on Twitter at the moment, she says, with a picture of her son beneath it:

'People speak of the courage I have. This is the face of who gives me that courage. Jack is my reason. If I can stop another family from grieving and stop them from never being able to see their child's smile again—it will be a success.'

Can I, therefore, ask, before any statement is made in this Chamber and at the summit that you mentioned, that Emma is contacted and it is discussed with her whether she wishes to attend? And can I also ask that Wayne David MP is involved in those discussions too, because he's worked with Emma and with the Daily Mirror and their campaign, to have the voices of those who've been affected by these tragedies heard?

Thank you. I think Hefin David reminds us all of the very personal tragedy that unfortunately we've seen with these dog attacks, and Emma was the first person that came to my mind last week. And I'd be very happy to engage with her and, of course, Wayne David, the Member of Parliament for Caerphilly, who's done so much work around this. We are thinking of bringing this multi-agency summit together, and I think, if Emma would be happy to come along and talk to us, that would be incredibly powerful.

Could I ask for a statement from the Minister for health on eye care, please?

This week is National Eye Health Week. Regular eye tests are vital to detect early signs of treatable conditions, like glaucoma, and can detect other health conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure. However, the need for timely referrals into ophthalmology services for assessment and treatment is key to limiting or avoiding sight loss. But, here in Wales, over half of the highest risk eye care patients are left waiting beyond the target time for treatment and, therefore, at risk of irreversible sight loss. The Welsh Government consulted on ophthalmic services in the spring, but, to my knowledge, we've not seen any statement since then. Therefore, can I ask that the Minister brings forward a statement on Government plans for ophthalmic services and an update on what actions are being taken to tackle the waiting lists?

Thank you. I'm aware of the report that you referred to, which was commissioned by the Minister for Health and Social Services, and I'm sure, once she's considered that, a statement will be forthcoming. But, I think you make a really important point—so long as people do timely eye checks. It's really important that they see either their ophthalmologist or their optician to ensure that the eye is as healthy as possible. Of course, the eye is the mirror to the body; it not just brings forward information about eye disease, but, of course, all other diseases too.

Trefnydd, please could we have an oral statement on bus services across Wales? In my region, in Cardiff, the decision by Cardiff Bus to cut the main bus service—the No. 32—serving St Fagans village has caused great concern. This means that we don't have regular public transport to the village, which includes a very important national museum. I've been contacted by members of staff at the museum, who've now lost their route to work, and over the weekend I spoke to a lovely visitor from north Pembrokeshire, a pensioner, who told me he couldn't go and visit St Fagans museum because of the lack of public transport. The fact that we don't have public transport linking the city centre to this important museum is just not right and is bound to impact, Trefnydd, on vulnerable and disabled groups who want to use this museum and learn more about Welsh life. This, as we hear every week in the Senedd, is huge across Wales. We cannot wait for a law that is years away and its implementation even further. Will the Welsh Government bring forward the proposals to reform bus services in Wales urgently? Diolch yn fawr.

Diolch. Well, bus services are very important to many of our constituents—we know that from our postbags—and, obviously, bus timetables are a matter for local authorities and bus service providers. But, the Deputy Minister for Climate Change has announced £46 million for bus budgets, for the bus emergency scheme and the bus transition fund, to prevent that issue around wholesale cancellation of services. As the Member, I think, alluded to, we will be introducing legislation to reform the bus system in Wales in the very near future.

Could I ask for two statements? It's very good to see both my colleagues Hefin David, and Sam, I think it was as well, raising the issue of the XL bullies. As the Minister will know, I was with Mick Antoniw at Hope Rescue when the announcement came through that XL bullies will be added to the banned list. It raises some significant issues in terms of the animal welfare charities—dog rescue and dog rehoming charities—particularly those that deal with stray and abandoned dogs, because, from the moment this was announced, those dogs are now turning up on the doorsteps of those charities, and it provides real financial, as well as ethical, issues about how they respond to this. But, more than that, Minister, it raises interesting aspects of what we now do with strengthening the regulations around breeding, but also whether we get back into the long-overdue issues of looking at licences to actually promote responsible ownership, whatever the breed is. So, it would be good to have a statement on that.

Secondly, I wonder whether we can have a statement now, as we approach the end of Adult Learners' Week. There have been some great events here in the Senedd. I was at one with national awards in city hall the other day, where a chap called John Gates, a former miner who lost his job in the pit closures back in 1983-84, turned his hand to a skill that he had—a surprising skill, perhaps, for a miner, of embroidery—and then went back into education with the Open University, and now travels the world teaching others about embroidery and skills, and also that you should never accept that you only have one chance in life; you should have many, many chances. He's 80 years of age now, and he's the biggest inspiration I've ever seen, and he received the national award for lifelong adult learning.

Yes, we all liked that. You make a really good point, and I think that's a very good example. We're continually learning, aren't we? And it's been great to celebrate Adult Learners' Week. As you say, there have been events here in the Senedd and all around Wales. But I think the example you gave of John was particularly heartwarming.

In relation to the XL bully, as I say, I had a meeting with the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs Secretary of State last Wednesday, where I urged them to look at this because we'd had yet, I think, two more attacks last week. So, I very much welcome the Prime Minister's announcement, which came a bit out of the blue, because I do think that the Dangerous Dogs Act—. Every time I've asked over the past few years, they've just refused to look at the new breeds coming forward. But you are right that there could be unintended consequences, and that's what I said in my earlier answer to Sam Kurtz—that we need to look at that. We don't want to see dogs abandoned. We don't want to see our dog rescue centres, which are already coping with increased numbers of abandoned dogs, having more brought in. Also, we need to work with our local authority enforcement teams as well. So, I mentioned that we're having this multi-agency summit, because there are things that we can do in Welsh Government; it's not just relying on UK Government aspects, as well. So, we will be doing that next month, and I want to work very closely with the animal sanctuaries and the rescue centres to see what more we can do. But I think it is really important that we really get to grips with this now, because we are seeing far too many attacks.

On the point of licensing, as you know, I had asked my officials to have a look at that this year, and I haven't received any advice as yet, but I do think that it is a way of ensuring that responsible dog ownership. It won't make everything, all the issues, go away, but I do think that if you are a responsible dog owner—and, of course, there are many of them with XL bully dogs as well, who are very worried, currently—. So, I do think licensing could be one piece of that jigsaw, and certainly, as we progress with the advice, and if I do think it is worth while looking at bringing them in, then I'll certainly be happy to update Members.

The Welsh Government has accepted the Health and Safety Executive's recommendation to refuse an emergency authorisation for the use of Asulox in Wales for bracken control. Now, we can argue the merits or otherwise of that decision, but what we shouldn't have to argue is the openness of Government in the way that it made that decision. So, in the interests of transparency, would the Government be willing to publish the Health and Safety Executive's advice upon which, of course, the decision was made?

Well, I was the Minister who made that decision and I will certainly make sure that that is published, unless, obviously, there is anything that excludes that.FootnoteLink

Thank you, Trefnydd, for that statement.

The next statement will be made by the Minister for Economy on the steel industry. Vaughan Gething.

Thank you, Llywydd. A strong economy needs a successful steel industry. The Welsh Government is ambitious about steel and the integral role that it will play in the transition to net zero. That transition will support strong and lasting demand for steel in the goods of the future, as well as the everyday staples that we rely on. From floating offshore wind turbines and electric vehicles to tins of baked beans and new houses, steel will be the thread that will go on running through the economy of today and tomorrow.

The Welsh contribution to the steel industry is totemic and historic. It is a firm part of the foundations of the UK economy. Thousands of skilled workers in the sector know the role that it plays in supporting a secure economy. Those workers see why and how other G7 nations provide stable and strategic support for their own domestic steel industries. They understand the lessons of the energy crisis and the risks posed by the dumping of steel by nations that are not our allies. This backdrop should guarantee the industry a far greater level of priority in the UK Government, which should have a clear vision for the sector and a plan to achieve it. As costs have piled up and new risks emerged, UK Ministers have failed to grasp the issue quickly enough to secure a fairer transition that delivers a first-mover advantage that our industry could exploit.

Llywydd, an earlier decision would have allowed for a fairer transition in a strong industry. We have long been urging the UK Government to provide the significant co-investment needed to support the move to greener methods of steel production. Against this context, it is welcome that the UK Government has progressed negotiations with the company to ensure a long-term future for steel in Wales. The total loss of the operation in Wales would be unconscionable, and it is in the interests of the workforce, industry and communities that the sector has a long-term future here in Wales.

We value our industrial base in Wales immensely. I am determined that we transition to net zero in a way that maintains and builds on our industrial strengths and is in line with our commitment to a just transition. That is why we created Net Zero Industry Wales, a body that I was proud to launch in Port Talbot. Llywydd, it is however the case that the proposed agreement now reached between Tata Steel and the UK Government provides too little detail and raises too many questions. The UK Government has decades of experience in dealing with commercially sensitive information in a managed way with the Welsh Government to support sound decision making. The decision, the choice, to communicate via leaks and media briefings to share the announcement on the proposed deal reached is disrespectful to the workforce and harmful to a sector that needs to recruit people who will, of course, be looking for a level of security, and, as we know, they are crucial to the future of steel in the UK. As I've mentioned, it is frustrating that this deal was not reached at an earlier stage in negotiations. An earlier deal could have led to a longer and fairer transition.

Much remains unknown about the agreement, its time frame for implementation and the potential impact not only on the workforce and the company but on the wider supply chain and the local economy. Therefore, as I stated last week, whilst the announcement contains significant investment for the longer term, it is inevitable that Tata employees and their families, rightly, are focused on the impact it will have on the thousands of jobs in Port Talbot and Tata’s downstream facilities in Wales.

It is essential that Tata now conducts a meaningful consultation with its employees and the trade unions about this proposed plan. The proven commitment of the workforce is an enduring strength for the sector that means that the uncertainty that those workers now face is harmful to the sector and to our economy as a whole, as well as, of course, to those individuals and their families. I had an early meeting with steel trade unions last week and held further meetings with representatives both yesterday and today. I visited Port Talbot yesterday and will return once more later this week. I will continue to engage with the unions, the company and the UK Government as the situation develops.

Can I thank the Minister for his statement this afternoon and the copy of the letter that he has sent me in my capacity as Chair of the Economy, Trade and Rural Affairs Committee? The announcement that the UK Government has provided £500 million to help ensure Tata Steel can continue to operate and to produce steel in a greener way is very welcome. Quite simply, without that investment, the reality is that Tata may have had to cease operating in the UK completely. Nevertheless, as Tata moves into a transition period that includes restructuring, it’s also a very anxious and worrying time for workers who may now be facing job losses, and it’s vital that there is sufficient support for the workforce at this time.

Today’s statement acknowledges that the Welsh Government also has levers and knowledge that will be critical in turning this deal into a reality, though the statement doesn’t say anything about how the Welsh Government is using those levers, so perhaps the Minister can tell us in his response what the Welsh Government is doing with the levers it has.

Now, we know that the UK Government has provided £500 million to help ensure Tata Steel can continue to operate, but perhaps the Minister can tell us if the Welsh Government has any intention of also providing financial assistance to help the plant produce steel in a greener way, given the Welsh Government’s commitment to decarbonising the sector. The chairman of Tata group said that the agreement presents an opportunity for the development of a green technology based industrial ecosystem in south Wales, and I’m very interested to learn more about what new opportunities may be on the horizon. Therefore, perhaps the Minister could update us on any discussions the Welsh Government has had with Tata about building that ecosystem in south Wales, and what that looks like. Has Tata asked for support from the Welsh Government to deliver this vision, and does the Welsh Government intend to provide any funding to help the sector with this agenda, and, if so, how much?

Now today’s statement refers to the importance of developing our domestic manufacturing sector and strong supply chains, and, as I’ve said before, it’s crucial that the Welsh Government is using its levers to maximise any procurement opportunities for the Welsh steel industry. Therefore, I’d be grateful if the Minister could tell us how the Welsh Government’s procurement strategy identifies opportunities for Welsh steel, as well as what other steps are being taken to maximise any procurement opportunities in Wales and, indeed, further afield.

Now, as I mentioned earlier, there will be Tata employees and their families who will be anxiously waiting to hear how the announcement will affect them, and it's crucial that Governments at all levels are providing the workforce with the support that it needs. Today's statement says that it's essential that Tata now conducts a meaningful consultation with its employees and the trade unions about its proposed restructuring plan, and I completely agree with the Minister. Of course, the Welsh Government has plenty of levers at its disposal to support the sector and its workforce, going forward, and it's crucial that they are used. And whilst I appreciate that it's still early days, perhaps he can tell us a bit more about the discussions he has had with Tata and the workforce.

Thank you for the comments and questions. I think the main point here is that we recognise in the Welsh Government, as indeed the sector recognises and, indeed, steel trade unions recognise, the need to transition to decarbonise the way that steel is produced. The challenge is how that's done, the pace at which it's done and how co-investment works between different Governments and companies within the steel sector.

Now, the uncertainty is that, at present, the deal looks at a single technology answer, and we have always been clear, as I've indicated in the statement, that we have said both to Tata and to the UK Government that our preference was to invest in hydrogen as an alternative for the heavy end, as well as looking at the potential for further electric arc making. Choosing one technology with one proposed single furnace I think provides some challenges in us understanding how that does that. At present, we don't know that this will mean a just transition. And given the figures that have been briefed on the thousands of job losses available, it doesn't look like a just transition. So, we need to understand much more.

It isn't just us who need to understand. When I've met trade union stewards, they've been very clear that they're already being asked questions by their members that they can't answer, and that is adding to the uncertainty in a sector that needs to keep its workforce, that needs to keep skills within the sector for the opportunity that we recognise exists. It's a very, very difficult message, and that was added to by the way that Government sources briefed the announcement over several days.

And I think that, on the other point that you make about partnership—. We are serious about partnership. We have taken pragmatic choices throughout this Senedd term on reaching agreements with the UK Government. Free ports is one example. It's why when that doesn't happen it is more frustrating, because actually we were able to have grown-up conversations that meant that we could all reach a deal that we could all sign up to. This is an example of what partnership working doesn't look like. We were excluded from the talks, not even briefed on the day. The announcement we found out from the press releases. And the Secretary of State for the Department for Business and Trade has not been able to find time in her diary to meet me since her appointment earlier this year. She was able to find time to go to Port Talbot to do media interviews, not to find time to talk directly with the Government. And the letter that you will have seen, and other Members of the economy committee will have seen—and, indeed, it is public for Members—contains a choice not to offer a meeting, and it thanks me for my interest in the steel sector. I think I have more than an interest in the steel sector, as the economy Minister in the Welsh Government, and I would want to see partnership working that is genuinely meaningful, and that means trust needs to be invested on both sides, and it means the UK Government need to act as partners and not simply to act in the style of an old-style governor-general.

Firstly, Plaid Cymru stands in solidarity with the workers at the plant in Port Talbot and with our communities, who are no doubt facing anxiety over Friday's announcement, and the potential impact of any job losses will not only be felt in Port Talbot but in communities across my region, from Neath to Swansea to the Gower and to my home county of Bridgend.

Now, steel runs through the veins and arteries of Port Talbot and its people, through the good times and the bad, and I'll say as well that I share the frustration with how long it's taken for us to get to this point and how scandalous it is that Welsh Government and the unions have been locked out of negotiations—workers and unions especially. Surely, one of the key voices that should be around the table when talking about workplace transition is that of the workers—workers who have given and lost so much to the plant through the years.

Now, turning to the announcement, does the Minister accept that this is it, or does he agree with Plaid Cymru and the unions that this isn't it and that there must be room for further negotiation? We all know here how important the sector is strategically on a security basis and a green basis. We know this is one of the biggest challenges facing this sector when it comes to decarbonising, but you can't build wind turbines and you can't build solar panels and you can't build hydroelectric plants without steel. So, it's important we get this right, and that means not solely focusing on electric arc furnaces. We've heard time and time again that electric arc furnaces don't produce the grade of steel needed, so does he agree that we need to invest in diverse ways of making green steel, so, through hydrogen, reduced iron, and investment in carbon-capture technologies? Perhaps this fills into the green ecosystem mentioned by Tata. If so, then we need to know about it. These investments have already been made elsewhere in the world, like in Germany, with KfW, the German development bank, that invested in hydrogen steel. Does he believe that there might be a role for the Development Bank of Wales here at some point?

We have all seen reports about the significant job losses. The ReAct programme is often the go-to, and I appreciate that the Minister has already said a lot about the need for a just transition. There's talk of a transition fund being set up between Tata and UK Government, as well as the new transition board mentioned by the Secretary of State for Business and Trade in her letter to you. Has the Minister been in discussions relating to Welsh Government's involvement in either of these funds and panels? And has the Government managed to see how these funds actually line up with Welsh Government's priorities when it comes to green skills? Or was the letter literally just a 'for your information'?

Thank you for the comments and questions, and I agree with the broad thrust of the Member's comments on where we are. You'd expect that Welsh Labour Members, not just Ministers, would stand in solidarity with the communities that we represent, with a sector we have long pointed out is the foundation of the future of the Welsh and UK economy. We should not be the only G7 country that does not have a significant steel-making asset. We could not and should not put ourselves in a position where we are reliant on imports, with everything that would mean. So, the asset itself is of strategic importance. It's why we have invested so much of our time, energy and effort in conversations with the company and, indeed, with the UK Government. It's also why it's so disappointing that we have not had the constructive engagement that we have undertaken responded to in kind, with the sort of trust that should take place, from the UK Government itself.

On your point around turning steel making into a co-operative endeavour, we're not in control and not in a position to do that. We will continue to make a case for greater co-operative enterprise right across our economy, but I don't think it's a practical answer to the challenges that are faced now. We have a company that are determined to maintain their ownership of this steel-making asset, and they're looking to put their own funds into doing so.

And your point around whether there will be meaningful negation now, well, that is exactly what steel trade unions expect to happen. And for any consultation to be meaningful, they have to be prepared to look at the proposed deal that is on the table, as opposed to simply accepting that every single detail that has so far been announced is going to be the end result and, indeed, what that means for the workforce in terms of any future move in the way that steel is produced and the time frame over which that change takes place.

We are talking again about what can happen and some of the constructive work with the UK Government on, for example, the industrial energy transformation fund, that has provided access. We've been part of the phase of consultation, and that should have another round in the spring, and we will look to see that, within that next phase, there will be real and practical support for steel making here within Wales. As I say, you can't have a significant steel-making asset within the UK without significant steel making taking place here in Wales as well.

On your point around technologies, as I said earlier, we have always been clear that our preference is that hydrogen is part of the answer. That would require a UK Government co-investment for that to take place. It's taken place in the Netherlands because they have an arrangement and they have co-investment taking place there, and, as I say, there are different arrangements in place for the steel sector in other competitor EU economies. Germany and France are good examples. We want to see the sector treated fairly here, with the same level of support, the same level of recognition, and the same opportunity to decarbonise without costing the significant number of jobs that has been briefed by UK Government sources to date, and that's why we'll continue to talk meaningfully with our trade unions and the UK Government to understand what this actually means in practice, as opposed to the headlines we've been given to date. I'll be more than happy to update spokespeople, and indeed Members who represent steel communities, as we carry on.

Can I thank the Minister for his statement today, and for his support for the workers and the communities that are going to be devastated by this announcement last week? Because there's no question, there are thousands of steelworkers and their families and other people in the contractor sector and in the supply chain that are worried about their futures, and there are businesses in Port Talbot that will struggle as a consequence of the loss of income from those individuals who spend their money there. So, this announcement is, in a sense, a thorn in people's sides: 'What do we do?', 'Where do we go?', 'What's happening?' The timeline needs to be made clear. So, in your discussions with Tata, please stress upon them the need to make clear the timeline to their workforce, to ensure they do engage with the trade unions and listen to the trade unions, because they're the workers and they're the experts in this area, and they seem to be being ignored in that aspect, and their input would have been critical in any decision making. In fact, the UK Government, I've heard Ministers refer to themselves, 'We've been discussing this for years.' Well, if this is the deal they've come up with after years of discussion, it's time for them to go and get new negotiating skills, because they can't do it.

I'm pleased Plaid Cymru joined the Labour Party on the green steel deal, because it's actually what we want, and that's important. So, what discussions have you had about ensuring that that approach is something we can still move towards? Because this is a proposal; it's not the future yet, it's not in stone, it's still something that can be modified. So, what can we do about that? And, do you agree with me that, in fact, the biggest benefit we can get is a Labour Government coming in to actually enact its green steel deal, to allow us to actually get on with making sure of a sustainable future, with far more jobs, better opportunities for people, because the UK Government, at this moment in time, talk about opportunities—the £100 million fund, opportunities—but where are those opportunities? The week before, they didn't get any bids for floating offshore wind in the Celtic sea; they lost that opportunity. So, I don't see them coming down the line. They seem to be talking, but not actually acting and getting people into work.

I recognise the Member's long-term commitment not just for the sector in his constituency, but the broader points that he makes about the importance of steel in the future of the economy. I also recognise the points he makes powerfully about the worry for the future, and that's very real. As I said, when I met trade union stewards yesterday and today, they were very clear that those worries are real, the questions are real, and, at the moment, the trade union stewards cannot tell them what is happening. The start of the conversations that is now taking place after the announcement's been made puts everyone in a difficult position, and, actually, it's the sort of thing that does not help with the trade union side and its relationships with Tata, which have been broadly constructive over a long period of time, and that in itself is really unhelpful.

There have been years of discussion around this. If you remember someone from the history books called Kwasi Kwarteng, when he was the Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, he was already talking about the fact that there was a discussion on co-investment, and the terms of that discussion, if they'd been reached earlier, could have allowed for a longer and fairer transition, with more technological answers that could have been brought into a deal. So, not being able to do a deal earlier actually provides more of a problem.

Conversely, David Rees is right that, actually, given the time that we're in, and the end of the road that is coming for this Government, because there must be a general election within a time frame, the fact that there is a negotiation that has to take place now, and there is an alternative approach from an alternative Government that may be across the United Kingdom over the next year, there are conversations around one of the few funding commitments that have been made and stuck to, and I actually understand why my UK colleagues are not making a whole series of funding commitments a long time in advance of an election. But, actually, the green steel, the £3 billion figure that's been given, is one of the commitments that is being continually referred to, and that does mean that there are alternative means to discuss about what the scale of co-investment might look like, and what the return for that investment might look like.

I think the Member makes a fair point around floating offshore wind: there wasn't a single bid for any part of the UK in the last contracts for difference round for any floating offshore wind—any offshore wind project. There is an opportunity to put that right within the coming months. There should be another round coming up before the end of this calendar year. If the UK Government are serious about the UK being world leaders in practice and not simply in rhetoric, they will need to do something to make sure those demonstrator projects get off the ground and have the opportunity to come forward. If that doesn't happen, other countries will not sit still; they will move up and recognise the inaction taking place here. If that does not happen, then the opportunities that the free ports could produce for the Celtic free-port bid, going right across from Port Talbot, all the way to the port of Milford Haven, could be reduced, if not lost. Now, I want to see that maximised. I want to see the jobs and the quality of jobs take place. And I want to see Tata part of that conversation, with their partners, about what steel they will produce, how much of that can be made here, how much can go into those turbines, to maximise the economic benefit to us, as well, of course, as a point made powerfully by trade union stewards, that they understand that if you import steel, you're not cutting your emissions, you're offshoring them. And actually, that provides a real risk not just for what this might do for decarbonising, but actually the opportunity to sell that steel into European and US markets too.

I, for one, welcome the UK Government's massive £500 million investment in Port Talbot, which safeguards 5,000 direct jobs and 17,500 indirect jobs, and the future of the steel industry here in south Wales.

I do share the Minister's concern at the loss of jobs in the area. That's why the £100 million towards a transition board to manage the change is very welcome and stands as one of the biggest amounts of money ever committed to a project of this nature. And I've heard the Minister in this Chamber, numerous times, calling on the UK Government to resolve the future of steel making in Port Talbot. Now that's happened, I thought he would have welcomed it. But instead, listening to the Minister's statement today, it sounded like someone scrambling around looking for someone or something to criticise. It's a bit rich for the Minister to be talking about a lack of clarity and detail when, at the same time, seemingly, the only thing Welsh Government might have got behind that was any different is an uncosted, untested hydrogen scheme, at some point in the future, which wouldn't do anything to safeguard jobs in the here and now; it's completely detached from the reality of the situation. And the business Secretary and the Welsh Secretary pointed out that that would mean spending six times as much as the Government's offer, just to kick the can further down the road. But his opposition to this issue risks damaging the stability of the future of the deal and the steel industry in Port Talbot. If he's as opposed to the deal as he makes out, and the UK Labour Party, on social media, makes out too, can he confirm whether he has had discussions with the UK Labour Party to ensure that any future UK Labour Government would honour the terms of this deal, so that Tata and the town of Port Talbot can proceed with clarity?

Well, with respect, the Member has tried to provide views for me that I don't have and haven't set out. I think he should listen a deal more carefully and recognise the seriousness of the matter. The tone of his comments I find deeply disappointing. This is a mixed announcement. There is longer term certainty for the sector, which we have recognised. We recognised it at the time, and I've recognised it today in my statement. There is a strong future for the steel sector, and it's important to be positive about that. We have skills, we have production capability, we should be able to transition to a future where significant steel making still takes place, and we want to do that on a basis where a just transition is delivered, not simply discussed and then put to one side. I would have thought that's an ambition that should go right across this Chamber, and yet the Member trashes what we are trying to do in asking serious questions about what the proposed deal means and what it will mean for all of those workers facing an anxious future. We want the certainty that David Rees has referred to, that Luke Fletcher has referred to, that even Paul Davies referred to, and I think the Member's comments really do jar, not just in tone, but in content as well.

When it comes to hydrogen, I make no apologies for making clear that we have always said that our preferred option was to have hydrogen as part of the mix for the future. If you allow that future to be created somewhere else, then it's entirely possible that that technology will not find its way to these shores. Now, who would want that? Because you'd be reliant on new steel making, as opposed to recycled steel making that electric arcs represent, taking place somewhere else, and the grades of metal that are currently only produced in that way will have to come from somewhere else. You'll be reliant, for at least a significant portion of steel making, on importing it from other parts of the world.

I would rather the UK took a strategic choice in wanting to see that development take place within the UK. We have institutions here in Wales, actually, who could take part in that research and the development of both the electric arc steel making, what that can provide, as well as hydrogen as an alternative for the heavy end. And I make no apology for setting out that's always been our position. The company will not be surprised to hear me say that, the UK Government won't be surprised to hear me say that. And as we have said, this is a proposed deal. We don't know enough about the deal and what it contains to say we'll sign up fully to every aspect of it. So, I look forward to having more clarity on the proposals in the deal, and the consultation and negotiation that must take place between the company and the trade union side for it to be meaningful, and I would not put any time frame on the length of that negotiation. The important point is that you get the right answer for the workers in the sector, and for the importance of the sector to not just the Welsh economy, but the UK economy as well.

Tata steelworks in Port Talbot employs people from across the region I represent. It employs many of my friends and their children. The town of Port Talbot has been shaken by the news of these enormous job losses, but also Neath, Swansea, Bridgend and their valley communities. These workers have families to support, mortgages to pay, they buy in local shops, go to local pubs and restaurants, as do those who work for the local companies that supply the plant with all the materials, products and services needed over decades to make Port Talbot steel. There are apprentices who I know feel their future is in doubt. None of these people had a say in this huge and far-reaching decision that will change their futures, and this is keeping them awake at night.

You refer in your statement, Minister, to the transition board funding, but, as we've heard, there's not a lot of detail. So, I'd like to know, Minister, how will the wider region's communities be supported economically in the future? What conversations has the Government had with Neath Port Talbot, Swansea and Bridgend councils regarding the impact of these job losses and the changes to the nature of the Port Talbot plant? Because 'just transition' is not just words.

I think there are two points to make in response. As I've said on a number of occasions already, I recognise that the concern that people have is very real, and isn't going to go away quickly, because, actually, the negotiations with the trade union side are only just about to start, and I wouldn't want to see those rushed to get, potentially, to the wrong answer being delivered. If there's a better way to deliver the transition, including looking at technology, whether it's one furnace or more, all those things have to be part of a conversation that takes place. This Government certainly won't try to short-circuit that negotiation that must now take place to provide a long-term answer for steel making in Port Talbot.

On your point around the conversations that we have with all those interested local authorities, we actually need to have more certainty about what this means, because, on the number of job losses that have been briefed, it's not certain that's going to be the end figure. And there's the balance between direct jobs and, indeed, the point that David Rees made about all the indirect jobs, and the point you made about the spend in the local economy, and, if there's a reduction in Tata Steel's footprint, what that means on a whole range of other fronts as well. So, we need more certainty on that, and, indeed, on the partnership board.

I'd like to have a meaningful conversation with the UK Government about what the £100 million really means, the time period over which it will be spent, how it works with, not over or between, our devolved responsibilities for economic development, and to do it in a way where we can add real value. Otherwise, potentially, this blows a very big hole in any kind of levelling-up agenda that has any kind of meaning. So, we recognise there's a lot to talk about—really practical questions—and I'll continue to engage meaningfully and constructively with the UK Government. I'll also, of course, make sure that Members are updated when there are significant updates we can provide to Members, either in committee, or, indeed, in public, which would be my preference.

Minister, one of the downstream operations affected by the Port Talbot announcement is the Llanwern steelworks in Newport East. We still have several hundred direct jobs there, as well as lots of contractors, the supply chain serving the plant, and, of course, local businesses that feed off the spend from employees at Llanwern and in those other jobs. And, of course, we mustn't overlook the downstream operations in the overall picture, because it's very significant locally, Minister. And one of the key questions is the quality of steel that an electric arc furnace—which obviously is the favoured approach of the UK Government and Tata Steel at the moment—would produce.

We've heard various views, and I'm just wondering what the Welsh Government's take is on the quality of steel that an electric arc furnace would produce, and its suitability for the Zodiac plant at Llanwern, which obviously produces steel for the automotive industry. The plea, really, from the workforce at Llanwern and the unions is, as you have said, for them to be involved, for the Welsh Government to be involved, meaningfully, as we proceed from this point. As you said, Minister, there's an awful lot yet to be addressed about the transition, about retraining opportunities, alternative jobs for those who will lose employment, but a host of other matters as well. So from here on, Minister, and I know you will be asking the UK Government for this, obviously that's what the unions and the workforce want—meaningful involvement for them, for the Welsh Government, and a different approach in that regard as we go forward and deal with all of the detail involved.

Thank you. It's an important point around some of the specifics of the wider supply chain. For both Llanwern, and indeed for Trostre, with steel currently provided from Port Talbot, it's not clear that you can make that in the way that it would need to be through the electric arc process at present. So, understanding what that looks like, and understanding whether the company are going to invest in a long-term future for both Llanwern and Trostre, is really important to us. The trade union side have been talking about it publicly already, since the proposed deal was announced.

But there's also our understanding of the point that's been made around carbon emissions; you can't simply offshore your emissions. So, if you're going to have steel produced somewhere else, which is imported, how long term is the commitment to do that, if you don't make that steel any more in Port Talbot? Where does that steel come from? When the European Union, as is almost certain, does have a carbon border adjustment mechanism, that broadly means you understand the carbon content of the steel that's coming to you, both in its production method, and indeed in its transport method. So, if you have steel produced in a different part of the world in what still is a carbon-intensive method, and add it to the carbon cost for transport, that will have an impact on how that steel is treated within the European Union. I would like to see UK steel, not just Welsh steel, produced in a way that is recognised as being equivalent to the steel that is produced within the European Union. It will reduce the friction that might otherwise be in place for the way that steel is used, and then the preparedness of anybody to invest in the future of that steel making here within the UK.

It also goes into what we think we want to hear from Tata around future metals research. Swansea University have a particular specialism in this, and Tata are used to working with them; are they prepared to invest in that research to make sure we can still produce different grades of steel using electric arc? We need to have an answer on that, and, indeed, the broader question of scrap metal. The UK currently produces around about 11.5 million tonnes upwards of scrap metal each year. Two and a bit million tonnes of that is used in electric arc steel making, so there's a big gap. The challenge is, though, that that excess is currently exported. So, we're exporting our scrap metal. Now, are there going to be incentives or challenges around exporting that scrap? If you're going to interrupt the business model of exporters, how are you going to do that and how are you going to get not just the volume but the quality of scrap that will be required to feed another significant electric arc production here that doesn't undermine the steel-making production capability in Celsa, which, as I say, is in my constituency?

Thank you for your statement, Minister. You mentioned Shotton there in your final sentence. I just wanted to say that I stand in solidarity, of course, with Tata workers wherever they are, but particularly in my region in North Wales and Shotton. This dark shadow has been cast across all sites that we represent, in all parts of Wales. I would like just to ask what your understanding is of any potential impacts for Shotton, particularly, but also, importantly, for you to confirm that, as a Welsh Government, you will stand ready to step in and provide the necessary support for workers wherever they are in Wales, particularly, from my point of view, those in Shotton, in terms of retraining and support in finding alternative employment if the need arises.

I've had the opportunity to visit Shotton with Unite the Union, and Jack Sargeant as the constituency Member, previously. Our initial understanding is that there's less concern about Shotton than other steel-making facilities, but we need certainty on that. Having certainty through the negotiations taking place will be really helpful for us, and, again, to make sure that any future production will continue to feed the Shotton plant. If there is an impact in the head count, then we will continue to provide the support that we already do—the ReAct+ programme, and others—to work with the company, the workers and the trade unions themselves. It's why the time frame of a transition really matters, because if you move to rapidly removing a workforce, it creates a much bigger problem for almost everybody. The challenge of having a longer time frame is whether you can keep people in the sector, if they think the longer term future doesn't exist for them. So, there are different challenges that exist. We'll continue to provide practical support, as you mentioned. And it's very much in my mind, as a former health Minister, that when you have large and rapid redundancy events there is almost always a mental health impact that comes from it. So, we all need to understand what that means directly and then to understand if there is an extra demand that will be going into our health service, if there is a rapid large-scale redundancy event. So, there are many good reasons to want to avoid that. I'm very well aware of each of them, and, as I say, I'll continue to keep Members updated on the progress we make.

I worked as a research officer at what was the BSC research centre in Port Talbot, specialising in iron and steel making, including with the blast furnace computer model. I have heard the statement and read the press releases. Moving to electric arc furnaces removes the need for iron making and for basic oxygen steel making. It also makes it very difficult to make any specialist steels. The problem is not just the huge losses and direct and indirect jobs; it puts the whole future of steel production at risk. We are now, if we go to an electric arc system, totally dependent on the price of electricity and the price of scrapped steel. As the Minister I am sure is aware, both of those are extremely volatile. And we've had people who have used electric arc furnaces recently mothball them from time to time, because the price of electricity has gone up. Will the Minister ask for a consideration of using hydrogen instead of carbon in the creation of iron, thus continuing the iron making?

It's a key ask, and, as I said, our position and our preferred end point has always been this. And, actually, from the trade union side, they have engaged meaningfully in what a just transition could look like to decarbonise the sector. They've worked with consultants Syndex to look at what that transition might look like with the whole sector, in fact, not just with Tata. The point is well made and, I think, well recognised that different grades of steel can be made through different production methods. If you can have a different answer for electric arc technology, then you need to invest in the research to get there. I'm interested in that in any event to maximise what we can do with electric arc production, but there is a challenge and an opportunity with scrap production to see more of that retained here within the UK, to see value added from that. But the Member is quite right to point to electricity price volatility, which is a real concern for the sector. It is raised with me every time I meet steel workers and every time I meet the steel company. They always point to the fact that a better deal is available in European countries where a different level of support is provided. It's why I highlighted in my statement that our steelworkers see why and how other G7 countries make different choices about how to support this strategic sector of the economy. I would want that to happen with this Government, and I would certainly carry on having a conversation with any future Government on how they might support the sector for a longer term sustainable future.

Good afternoon, Minister. Thank you so much for all of the work that you've been doing to date, and I wish you well with continued negotiations. I stand here, as the Welsh party leader of the Liberal Democrats, ensuring that we stand in support with those workers in Port Talbot. Port Talbot is an iconic plant not just here in Wales, but even further, even across the world, I would say, and we owe those workers a duty to support them. I cover the upper Swansea valley. There are workers who live there who work in Port Talbot. So, it's really important to all of us across Wales that we make sure that we give a fair deal to those workers and ensure that they are supported and protected.

I wonder if I could just link two of the issues I've raised with the First Minister, one this week and one last week. The one this week was around mental health. There are massive economic issues, but there are also massive mental health concerns. If you are a family facing potential redundancy, it must be incredibly stressful not just for you as a worker, but for your family. So, we need to ensure that there is cross-governmental support. The second one I raised last week, about universal basic income and the transition universal basic income for workers from carbon-heavy industries, such as Port Talbot, to green industries. The First Minister talked about the fact that we needed to protect all of the current redundancy payments et cetera, and I would absolutely support that, but universal basic income comes on top of that. So, I would ask you to consider what support you're giving to those workers across Government in terms of mental health support, but also how we can ensure those workers have a real consistent message around the income, going forward. We cannot let those workers down in Port Talbot. Diolch yn fawr iawn.

I recognise the points the Member is making and, indeed, I referenced the potential mental health impact of a large-scale and immediate redundancy event, and what that would inevitably do across the population of people who might lose their jobs, if that happened rapidly and at scale. That's why I've kept on talking about the time frame for the transition and whatever the transition is itself. That is still part of the negotiation on the proposed deal.

On your point around practical resources for workers who may either choose to leave their job if they're uncertain about their future or, indeed, those people that might be made redundant, it is part of the reason why that negotiation is so important—to understand what practical support is going to be provided, either within or outside and above terms and conditions, as we have seen on a number of occasions. So, Ford workers, for example—the trade union Unite at that time were able to negotiate a significant enhanced package that gave them the space to look for other opportunities. Welsh Government support has still been available on top of that, and it's important not just to find work but to think about the quality of work that those current workers have and their earning power, and the commitments they already have, and whether we can find them work that is in some way commensurate. So, there's a different challenge depending on the types of—[Inaudible.]—that needs to take place, and what we're able to do then. We are continually, within our budget challenges, looking at what we can continue to do and will continue to do, and I'm very clear that we continue to have a support and retraining package available for workers across the sector and that will be directly relevant to what happens at the end of the negotiation that is still taking place around Port Talbot.

There are many, many hundreds of steelworkers in the Ogmore and, indeed, the Bridgend area and, in fact, we've spoken to many of them over this last weekend. They say we shouldn't turn our backs on any investment, but there should have been proper engagement between the workforce and the unions and the owners, and proper engagement between the UK Government and Welsh Government, and that this has not happened, as we've heard, is of truly deep concern. They agree electric arc is part of the solutions for the future, but the Minister will know that the unions and others have argued consistently for support from the UK Government far beyond what is currently on offer, more akin, indeed, to other nations within Europe, and where alternatives to electric arc are also being explored—the move to hydrogen, carbon capture, direct reduced iron models, which have the benefits of not only retaining a broader steel-making capacity, including primary-making steel capacity, but also retaining more jobs and developing that green steel, giving us the leadership in Wales and the UK that we want, instead of offshoring climate change, carbon, and also offshoring jobs as well. So, could you assure us, could you assure the Senedd, that you will continue to work with the unions, push hard on the UK Government and work with Tata, and keep all options on the table, and then keep this Senedd and the workforce fully updated?

I'm more than happy to give that commitment, because in the conversation I had with the trade union side, the meeting I had when I was overseas on the Friday—we had an early meeting then—and the meetings I've had yesterday and today, we're very clear that we have aligned interests in the future of the sector, what it can do for the economy, and the fact that the trade union stewards understand how their steel can be used in the future. They know that a green revolution is coming in the way that power is generated. They know that there are significant economic opportunities that come with that. They also know that that doesn't have to take place here within Wales or the wider UK, and that is reliant on choices that are made by companies and the support provided by the UK Government. It's why David Rees was right to point out that there is a reason why not a single developer bid in the last contracts for difference round to generate offshore wind. It's a missed economic opportunity, and it provides real concern for the workforce.

I also agree with your point, and I just want to make this clear: the trade union side and the Welsh Government always recognised that electric arc furnaces are part of the answer, and the challenge comes in how technology-neutral the decarbonisation journey can be and what will come from the negotiation. So, we look forward to being constructive in what happens with that negotiation, and to work alongside the company, the UK Government and the trade union side. And as I've said, and I'm happy to repeat, I am more than happy to keep Members updated formally through the Senedd on what is happening in those negotiations when I'm able to do so, respecting, of course, the fact there will confidentiality around some of those processes, and, unlike what has happened in the last week, the workers need to hear first what is taking place with their jobs and their livelihoods.

And finally, Cefin Campbell.

Diolch yn fawr, Llywydd. Can I thank the Minister for his statement? I share his concern and others' regarding the current situation, and I too feel deeply frustrated by the UK Government's approach to the matter. Particularly disappointing is the fact that you as a Government have been bypassed in the negotiations, and again it's an example of undermining the devolution settlement. However, in your statement you make several references to the Tata Steel plant in Port Talbot, and rightly so, and you refer to your visit yesterday to the town. Now, you will also be aware, of course, of the Tata Steel site at Trostre in Llanelli in my region. Again, this has been a long-standing, crucial, local employer for over 70 years, currently employing about 600 people, and in an area with stubbornly high deprivation levels. So, in light of your statement and the continued uncertainty, could I therefore ask you what discussions you've had about the future of steel making in Trostre at these worrying times?

It's a point that I think I mentioned earlier in response to John Griffiths, but I'm happy to restate the point. Near the start of my statement I referred to where steel is made, how it's produced and what it is, and of course the reference to baked beans was deliberate, because Trostre produces lots and lots of cans that are used in everyday goods, including baked beans. Now, the challenge is that, if you have a gap in production, those customers will move, and there's absolutely no guarantee they'll come back. And the trade union side have said, 'We want certainty', and the Welsh Government wants certainty on what this means for Trostre and the supply of steel that they will need to carry on their production. So, that is part of what we're looking for. It's certainly part of what the trade union side are looking for. So, that is definitely on our list of issues we have already raised and will continue to raise where we want long-term certainty, and that's why the types of steel making are so important, it's why I'm so disappointed at Tom Giffard's tone and the conduct of his commentary, because, actually, that ignores the fact that downstream production in Llanwern and in Trostre are reliant on the type of steel that is currently produced within Port Talbot.

So, there many questions still to be answered, but I should finish on this point, Llywydd: for all the challenges that exist—and they're very real—we have a significant asset of UK significance here in Wales. It is a strength to build on, and if the UK Government are prepared to see it in that way, there can still be a strong and positive future for steel making here within Wales, within the United Kingdom, where we are not reliant on other parts of the world to make our steel for us and all of the vulnerabilities that that would provide. We will engage in that constructive manner, recognising the significance of this foundational sector of our economy. I look forward to updating Members and I hope we can have more certainty and more positivity about the future of the steel sector in the future.

I thank the Minister.

The next item is item 4, the statement by the Counsel General and Minister for the Constitution on the Senedd Cymru (Members and Elections) Bill. The Counsel General, therefore, to make his statement—Mick Antoniw.

Diolch yn fawr, Llywydd. The eighteenth of September 1997 was an historic and momentous day in the history of Wales, in the history of the Welsh people and the Welsh nation. For it was on that day we voted for a new voice for the people of Wales and to bring our democracy closer to the people. We voted to establish the National Assembly for Wales. And over the past quarter century our democracy has matured and it has become a permanent part of the parliamentary structure of the United Kingdom, taking its place alongside Scotland and Northern Ireland. And over that quarter century it has grown, it's taken on new responsibilities, it has become a legislature in its own right, and it has become a true Parliament—a Senedd.

In Wales we value our democracy, the rule of law and our accountability to the people of Wales who elect us. It's therefore vital that we continually seek to refresh, improve and modernise our democracy to make it fit for the many challenges we face as a nation, as a United Kingdom, over the coming decades.

In Wales we value our democracy, the rule of law and our accountability to the people of Wales, who elect us. It is therefore vital that we continually seek to refresh, improve and modernise our democracy to make it fit for the many challenges we face as a nation, as a United Kingdom, over the coming decades.

Yesterday the Senedd Cymru (Members and Elections) Bill was laid before the Senedd. It presents us and the people of Wales with a once-in-a-generation opportunity to make the changes necessary to modernise the Senedd, reflecting our twenty-first century Wales. A more effective Senedd, with the ability and capacity to hold the Welsh Government to account; a more representative Senedd to better serve the people of Wales.

When first established, the Assembly had no primary law-making powers and was not formally separated from the Welsh Government. Today the Senedd makes laws, sets taxes and holds the Welsh Government to account in some of the areas that have the greatest impact on people’s lives. Yet despite these increased powers and responsibilities, despite a compelling case for Senedd reform being made through a succession of expert reports over the last two decades, its size and its capacity to properly fulfil its responsibilities have not been addressed until now, and that is why I say this is a once-in-a-generation opportunity for change—an opportunity I believe we must seize.

This is, of course, an unusual Bill. Although it is brought forward by the Government, its genesis was in the deliberations of the Special Purpose Committee on Senedd Reform. The committee’s report, published less than 16 months ago and endorsed by the Senedd on 8 June 2022, reflects the clear and compelling case for Senedd reform. I’m pleased to say that the Bill will deliver most recommendations made by the committee and it represents a shared priority in the co-operation agreement with Plaid Cymru. I thank the committee’s members for their work, and their predecessors on the Committee on Senedd Electoral Reform and the expert panel on Assembly electoral reform.

The Bill provides for the Senedd to have 96 Members, with six Members elected per constituency. The Bill will also simplify the Senedd voting system. Voters will be able to see all of the names of each party’s listed candidates. They will have one vote and one ballot paper, as opposed to the current two. Voters will simply have to mark the box of the party or independent candidate of their choice, with the seats calculated fairly using the D’Hondt method. Rather than most Members being elected through a first-past-the-post system, all Members of the Senedd will be elected using closed proportional lists.

It provides for the creation of 16 Senedd constituencies for the 2026 election through the pairing of the 32 new UK parliamentary constituencies in Wales in an independent review. It also provides for a full boundary review to be undertaken ahead of the subsequent Senedd elections to create 16 new Welsh constituencies from the 2030 election onwards, and periodic reviews thereafter. To achieve this, the Bill provides the Local Democracy and Boundary Commission for Wales with the functions necessary to undertake the pairing of the new UK Parliament constituencies in Wales, and to independently undertake regular reviews of the new Senedd constituency boundaries thereafter, and it renames it as the Democracy and Boundary Commission Cymru. This will mark the first time for us to have a body in Wales with the powers to review our Senedd’s constituency boundaries.

Of course, change is never easy; there is never a good time to make change. Investing in our democracy has a cost attached to it, but the long-term cost will be greater if we fail to seize this opportunity now.

The Welsh Government has worked with partners to develop detailed cost estimates that set out the projected financial implications of this legislation over an eight-year period. From 2031 onwards, the Bill will entail an estimated annual cost of between £14.5 million and £17.5 million in a typical year.

The value and importance that we place on our democratic institutions and their importance to Wales, now and in the future, is the challenge. This is about the value we place on the ability to represent all the people of Wales in making decisions on their behalf, decisions that affect their lives.

The Senedd has responsibility for scrutinising the expenditure of more than £24 billion each year. It will take an improvement in value of around 0.07 per cent of this budget to offset the cost of investing in the Senedd’s capacity—that is less than one tenth of a per cent of the Senedd's budget. Better scrutiny delivers better governance, and better governance pays for itself. Since Wales voted in favour of devolution 26 years ago, devolution has not stood still. As powers and responsibilities have grown, almost the only things that have remained the same are the Senedd’s size and the way Members are elected. It has taken many reports over many years to get us to this point, but now we have a Bill before us that will deliver a national Parliament that reflects modern Wales and has the capacity it needs to represent the people of Wales.

We must grasp this opportunity.

I firmly believe that this is an opportunity that we must grasp. I look forward to scrutiny of the Bill by Members and to hearing the views of stakeholders, delivery partners and the public during the legislative process. Diolch yn fawr, Llywydd.

It'll come as no surprise to anybody in this Chamber that the Welsh Conservatives are opposed to the progress of this Bill. While there are some elements of the Bill that we can welcome, such as four-year terms—we appreciate that—and a requirement for candidates for election to the Senedd to live in Wales, we cannot countenance supporting proposals to increase the size of this Senedd and make significant changes to the voting system at Senedd elections without the express consent of the people of Wales.

I have said it before and I will say it again: Wales needs more doctors, dentists, nurses and teachers, not more politicians. And we need a Welsh Government that is focused on addressing the people's priorities, not the priorities of the political establishment. We need you to get to grips, frankly, with the mess in our national health service, the state of our schools and the fact that our pay packets are lighter in Wales than they are elsewhere in the UK.

The reality is there is no mandate whatsoever to deliver this set of proposals before you, and the overwhelming majority of people in Wales do not support an increase in the size of the Senedd. Now, I know that Labour and Plaid MSs have claimed that there's a public mandate for the proposed changes. They say that because they referred to Senedd reform in their manifestos that means they can take this agenda forward. But I've checked both of your manifestos. There was nothing in there about 36 extra Members of the Senedd. There was nothing in there about scrapping the first-past-the-post system and replacing it with a closed list system—nothing at all in either of your manifestos, and, let me tell you, I read them thoroughly. They put me to sleep very easily, but I read them. So, the fact that you keep claiming that there is a public mandate is a load, frankly, of hogwash. What we need to do is ensure that we deliver on people's priorities, not this mess.

And it is a power grab, everybody, by political parties. You're taking power out of the hands of individual people, the voters around this country, who, at the moment, can express a view as to an individual named candidate on a ballot paper, and you're giving that power instead to political party leadership, and that is the wrong way to go. It is bad for democracy, and it will sever the direct accountability of Members of this institution to the public that we serve. That's a retrograde step.

I heard what you said, Counsel General, about this being some sort of great march forward for scrutiny in this Senedd, and this is coming from a Government that rode roughshod over this Senedd in introducing this Bill in the first place. There was a Senedd reform committee established to look at and consider this matter in detail, and you, basically, as a Welsh Government, or rather, should I say, the First Minister and the former leader of Plaid Cymru, issued it with instructions and told it what the report should conclude. That is the state of the party that preaches a moral high ground about the need for better scrutiny and yet ditches the committees that want to do the scrutiny and make recommendations to you. So, we won't take any of that hypocrisy.

Can I thank the Member very much for, certainly, agreeing to some of the proposals, the four-year terms, also the residency requirement that will be introduced by this legislation? Just in response to his comments about scrutiny and so on, the issue of scrutiny and the capacity to properly scrutinise legislation, to properly ensure best value for money and so on in the way in which this Senedd has developed and will operate, can I just take him back to 2014, to the Silk committee recommendations, which had, as far as I can see, cross-party support at that time? This is what that report said in 2014:

‘The National Assembly is small in relation to the Scottish Parliament, the Northern Ireland Assembly and its international comparators. We are clear that this causes problems for effective governance. What may have been appropriate before the National Assembly had a full legislative role…is certainly less appropriate now. There is simply not sufficient strength in depth, given the number of Members on more than one committee. Specialism is difficult and the scrutiny that keeps governments on their toes is less easy. This problem will grow substantially once the National Assembly begins to scrutinise tax legislation, and will grow even further if the important additional responsibilities we are recommending…are given to the National Assembly.'

Can I just say that it is absolutely no surprise to me you’re opposing it—and you’re entitled to oppose it as part of your role within this Senedd—but I do think there is a certain amount of hypocrisy? You’re right, there is hypocrisy, but the hypocrisy is when you talk about the costs of improving and developing our democracy. Over the period of time that devolution has existed, 800 unelected life peers have been created. Boris Johnson created 105 life peers during the three years of his Prime Ministership. Liz Truss is recommending two for each of the six weeks she was in Government. And at the same time, you've reduced—without a referendum, with no referendum when you reduced—the number of Welsh parliamentary Members from 40 to 32. The Scottish Parliament has 129 Members, and the Northern Ireland Assembly has 90 Members. We are the most unrepresented part of the United Kingdom. And if you want to talk about cost, you didn’t bat an eyelid when you spent £120 million across the UK to introduce ID cards, which had the main objective of actually stopping people from voting.

Aneurin Bevan was right. He said many things about the Welsh Conservatives. The one that comes to me immediately is that you know the price of everything but the value of nothing. This really is a test of the value that we place on Welsh democracy and our ability to play a proper part in the parliamentary democracy of the United Kingdom. Our ability to do this comes from the 2017 Wales Act. Any legislation on this to go through will have to have a two thirds majority of this Senedd. And yes, my party, the Liberal Democrats, and indeed Plaid Cymru, do have a mandate for this reform. It’s a debate that’s gone on. We need to get on with it and seize this opportunity.

I thank the Counsel General for this statement, and it is an important statement in terms of the history not only of this Senedd but also the history of our nation. Twenty-six years after Wales voted ‘yes’, a vote that led to the establishment of a National Assembly, which is now known as the Senedd, we’re now embarking on a journey that will create a stronger and more representative Senedd that will be able to serve the people of Wales even better by increasing our capacity to make a difference.

As the Counsel General mentioned, this is part of the co-operation agreement, and it’s important that we also express gratitude for all the work that has been done not only on a cross-party basis, but also independently, which is the basis of all of this, and shows why this is so necessary.

We must also view this in a wider context. This comes at a time when the voice of Wales is being weakened in Westminster, with a 20 per cent cut in the number of Welsh MPs, as well, of course, as the four Members of the European Parliament that have already been lost. And as has already been outlined, this Senedd has evolved over the last quarter of a century, meaning that we now have more responsibilities, and that means that there is more work to be done not only in terms of legislating, but also in terms of scrutiny.

After all, scrutiny is a crucial part of democracy, and better scrutiny will benefit the lives of everyone that we represent, driving better value for public money and, ultimately, better policies. And I must confess, I don’t understand why the Conservatives oppose greater scrutiny. Surely we have a Welsh Government here calling for greater scrutiny, something that we are desperately craving from an UK Government, so I must congratulate the fact that we have a Government calling for better scrutiny because they understand the value of it. [Interruption.] What do you want us to do? Just be grateful for the fact that—that we should just be grateful for just the bare minimum, or do you think that we should just be okay with being second best? That it’s just, 'Wales, we can do okay as we are; we're fine, we'll be the smallest legislature, if you compare us to Scotland and Northern Ireland.' Is that really the level of ambition you have for our country, our people and our democracy? Because I believe in Wales. I believe in the right of this Senedd to scrutinise Welsh Government and I am disappointed to see an opposition party oppose greater scrutiny. [Interruption.] In contrast to the Conservatives, Plaid Cymru is not content with Wales being told that what we have is good enough. We want Wales to have the best in terms of both institutions and services. It's not an either/or.

And of course there are differences between us and Welsh Labour in terms of the constitutional future of Wales, as was highlighted during the questions to the First Minister this afternoon. For Plaid Cymru, these measures represent a further step towards independence because we believe that the failed Westminster system does not work for Wales, regardless of which party is in power. The gulf between this Senedd and Westminster is becoming more apparent every day. And while the Westminster Government is trying to make it harder for people to vote, we here want to expand our democracy and make this Senedd more representative.

Getting rid of the first-past-the-post system and creating a fully proportional electoral system will also be a big step forward for us as a nation, and will ensure that every vote counts. And while the single transferable vote is the system that we would favour as a party, and the system that we would like to see being introduced, we believe that the system being proposed is better than what we have now.

I was not old enough to vote for the establishment of this Senedd, although I campaigned for a 'yes' vote. In fact, 26 years ago today, after staying up all night to watch the results come in, I was scolded by the school for arriving late because I had slept through my alarm. But it was a scolding worth having to watch Eric Sunderland announce the final result and start the journey of this Senedd. That journey continues today with this important statement, which is undoubtedly a step towards strengthening our democracy.

Can I thank the Member for those comments? And also, within this context, of course, there's a lot else going on at the moment. We have, of course, our own independent commission that will be producing its report on broader constitutional reform issues and, of course, we are looking forward in the not-too-distant future to further justice devolution, the devolution of policing and, of course, probation. And we will need reforms within Government and within this Senedd in order to assume those responsibilities and to ensure that they are properly delivered.

Now, the Conservatives oppose—I wonder whether all Conservatives oppose; I suspect there are many Conservatives who actually recognise that there is a need for this reform to take place. There is a sort of populist stream that is running through the Conservatives at the moment in their desperation to hang on to some sort of credibility, but they're right about one thing: investing in this type of reform, there's never a good time to do it, there's never an easy time, and that's why it actually takes, I think, vision and leadership to do it.

The Member did make some important points about the voting system. It will be simpler, it will actually be cheaper and will save money, there will be one ballot paper, but I think the really important point that you made is that, within that system, every vote will count, and that can't be said of the current system.

Minister, I very much welcome the statement you've made this afternoon and I very much welcome the legislation that you're bringing forward. And, Minister, I wouldn't be too disturbed by the Conservatives' opposition to this. They, of course, have fought every step of devolution down the decades. In 1997, the Conservatives voted against devolution three months after the referendum. [Interruption.] They say that they speak on behalf of the people, unfortunately the people neither vote for them nor believe in them. And there is a reason for that, of course. The Conservatives have devalued Welsh democracy down the years. They've undermined Welsh democracy and are doing so at the moment. Ultimately, they can't win with Welsh democracy, because they know the people of Wales do not feel represented by the Conservative Party, and that's why they oppose any move to strengthen our democracy.

I very much welcome the statement this afternoon. I was in primary school when Lord Kilbrandon reported in 1973, calling for a parliament of 100 Members, and it's been a long journey. I've lost count of the commissions and the committees and the panels and the people who've been brought together to study and look at how this place operates, and they've all come back to the same conclusion. It's time that we listened to those and voted this through. I was very pleased to hear the First Minister making that point earlier today.

And what I would say to the Conservatives, in asking the question to the Counsel General, is this: democracy needs to represent everybody, and it's important that everybody feels represented in our democracy. I know it can be very difficult sometimes for the Conservatives to understand that concept. For me, this will always involve compromise. Personally, I am a strong supporter of the single transferable vote, and I would preferred to have seen STV within this package, but I recognise that, in a package that involves compromise on all sides, we all need to make that same compromise, and I know that I'm not alone in doing so. So, Counsel General, will you ensure that you continue to reach out and ensure that in reforming our Senedd, in reforming our democracy, in strengthening the power of Welsh democracy, we reach out and ensure that everybody feels that they're a part of the future of the democracy that we're creating here today?

I thank the Member for those comments. Of course, the whole purpose of devolution is about the decentralisation of power. It is about bringing power closer to people, and it is a process. It's a process that has been ongoing over the past 25 years, and it is about subsidiarity. That is, in many ways, why there have been so many important discussions about the constitutional future, and that's why I mentioned earlier the importance of the report that we will have in the early new year from the independent commission, which will look at these broader issues and may indeed look at some of these issues as well. We do always have to have in mind and to be as close as we can to the people of Wales. This legislation is essentially about governance, how we actually deliver on the promises we make to the people of Wales and how we hold ourselves to account, and how they hold us to account for the work that we do.

I agree with one point that was shouted out from the other side. It's not true that the Tories have opposed devolution at every step, because there was a stage, I remember, with Nick Bourne and with others, that we actually stood together in terms of the campaign for additional powers for the Senedd. What I think is just disappointing is that it seems that the current Welsh Conservative Party have gone backwards, rather than recognising the importance of a process able to move forwards. But I'm sure, maybe, that that will change once we get through the current situation, once we get past the general election and we have a Labour Government, and we can talk, perhaps, with more sense about how we actually reform our constitutional structures and our democratic institutions in the UK. But for us, within Wales, this is an historic and very significant step forward.

Well, ironically, for a Bill intended to improve public scrutiny, it's the claims made about the need for more politicians in Cardiff Bay that haven't stood up to scrutiny. We were initially told that it would improve the ability to scrutinise the Government, only to find that the proportion of Members in the Government will see a larger increase than the number of backbenchers intended to do the scrutiny. We were told that it would improve diversity in public life, only to see that part of the Bill shelved off into a different Bill because the Welsh Government never had the powers that it promised.

Now we're told that Wales is poorly served by having only 60 poor, overworked Members, but the Government's agenda today is set to finish before 6 o'clock. I've heard the arguments in today's statement in favour of more politicians. You called it, Counsel General, 'clear and compelling', but we on these benches have not been convinced by any of them. But I accept, in a democracy, that people can be won over by these arguments, and some may disagree with me. So, it begs the question, Llywydd: if more politicians, at a cost of £120 million, are so popular, why doesn't the Counsel General get the democratic mandate that he needs for it, from the people of Wales, in a referendum?

Listen now, I thank the Member for those particular comments. Can I just comment that the Member may finish at 6 o'clock, but I can assure him that I won't be finishing at 6 o'clock? And I think most of the people here won't be finishing at 6 o'clock. So, enjoy your evening, because some of us will actually be working.

The 2017 Act gave us very specific powers in respect of elections and in respect of the Senedd. We have mandates in terms of our election manifestos. We're carrying out the powers that were given to us. If Westminster had intended for us to be able to use those powers only with a referendum, they would have said so. They didn't say so, and you'll be aware of all the commissions, all the debate, all the discussions that we've had, and I think the argument is completely clear. The mandate that we have is completely clear, and this legislation is going forward to scrutiny.

I have to say, Counsel General, I've yet to meet a Conservative that has persuaded me that they believe in private what they are saying stridently in public on this, like so many other matters.

Look, what we are trying to do here, actually, is to find a local solution to a global problem, the global problem of democracy that is challenged, democracy that is in crisis, democracy that needs to respond to a world that is changing. And if it doesn't, then we will see an inability to deliver effective solutions to our people. I've never actually understood the argument that strengthening a democracy is somehow a distraction from the real work of delivering dignified lives to our people. It is right at the heart of that work, which is why we created this institution, and why we want to create the conditions for this institution to succeed, both opposition and Government Members. It's taken us 20 years to get to this point, hasn't it, Counsel General? But does he agree with me that this should be seen not as an end point, but as a starting point of an era of democratic innovation, constantly seeking ways in which we in this place can deliver better lives for the people that we seek to represent?

Well, I agree with most of the comments of the Member. I think we are all committed to improving governance and democracy, and it isn't something that gets frozen in time, although our numbers and our size have been frozen in time. It is something you always have to review, you also have to assess. And I believe that is what we've been doing for the last decade. It cannot be said that we brought this legislation forward in a rush. We've had three commissions, we've had a special purpose committee, we've had countless debates. I and others have answered consistent and continuous questions on this. We've all attended conferences and discussions, et cetera. There is a very broad recognition that what we want to do is right, that the changes we need to make are right. This is about democracy, it is about us taking steps forward to improve our democracy. That doesn't stand still, just as the relationship and the structure of the United Kingdom doesn't stand still, just as the impact on all our lives and our constitutional and political structures as a result of leaving the European Union haven't stood still and have had to change. This isn't about us having some sort of obsession about the constitution. In fact, if you want to have an obsession about the constitution, you just look at legislation after legislation after legislation in Westminster that is nothing to do with the constitution. This has one sole objective: it is improving our governance, improving our democracy, and giving better voice to the people of Wales. You may disagree with that, but I'm pretty sure that there is an overwhelming majority here that do agree with it.

I hope that the Conservatives can tell Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board where all these doctors are that they can go and employ, because they're having difficulty in finding them.

On numbers, Scotland has 4.6 million voters for 129 Members—35,813 voters per Member; Northern Ireland has 1.36 million voters for 90 Members—15,111 voters per Member; and Wales will have, if this is agreed, 2.3 million voters for 96 Members—29,464 voters per Member, almost midway between the two. My concern is, if we can join constituencies, the geographical size of the new constituencies. Take Brecon, Radnor and Cwm Tawe, which is a strange constituency to start with: the options with it will be to go to the outskirts of Wrexham, the sea in Ceredigion or the English border in Monmouthshire, which, I would suggest, are a long way from Gwaun-Cae-Gurwen, or join with Neath and Swansea East or Carmarthenshire, which, again, I would say, is a long way from the English border at Presteigne in Radnorshire. For 96 Members, why did the Welsh Government not support 32 three-Member constituencies, based upon the parliamentary constituencies?

I thank the Member for the comments. Can I just say that you did lose me on the numbers? I'm absolutely certain you were correct in your numbers, and I totally agree with everything that you have actually said. I'm sure the additional points are ones that will certainly arise and emerge during the scrutiny process, Mike.

We have ambitions. We want more powers. We want Welsh people to be connected to the decisions that affect their everyday lives. And, indeed, pushing this forward is a way of achieving that. It's not about increasing the number of politicians for its own sake. In fact, I'm a little bit confused that the Conservatives expect the Senedd to properly scrutinise Government decisions when, in fact, it is smaller than most local councils. But—and it is a but, of course—you wouldn't expect me to stand here and not say that the proposals don't live up to the expectations that we need in order to have that real transparency. We want the single transferable vote. That is the most effective, open way of making sure that people get their vote, and it equals a seat. Plaid Cymru, in their manifesto, did commit to this, and I'm hoping that we might be able to work together in order to move the agenda on. My question, I guess, to you, Counsel General, is—. I've heard the word 'compromise'—in fact, I've heard it this afternoon. I really don't understand who wants the compromise. Plaid Cymru, I don't think, don't; the Liberal Democrats don't; a lot of Welsh Labour don't. So, please, can you just answer this one question: who wants the compromise that we don't have the STV system? Diolch yn fawr iawn.

I thank the Member for the comments and for the question. Can I also commend her? She has consistently raised the issue of the particular type of voting system. I think the reality is that the compromise is what is necessary to get a two-thirds majority to get this through. There are all sorts of different voting systems; they all have positives and negatives about them. That includes first-past-the-post. I think first-past-the-post, incidentally, is the most outdated of the voting systems. Perhaps it wasn't so much a problem after the second world war, when you really only had two parties, but we don't live in that sort of world now. So, all I say is that I think it's a system that everybody has been able to buy into as being a significant improvement on the existing voting system. What I can say, of course, is that built into the legislation will be provisions for review. So, the next Senedd will specifically have that function. The Llywydd will have an obligation to lay a motion that will consider not only the issue of job sharing, which has been raised, and the viability of that, but also the actual outcome of the elections, how the election system has operated. It will be up to the next Senedd to consider the outcome of that review and whether there are any further recommendations that will emerge. It's not for this Senedd, but it will be for the next Senedd, and there will be a statutory responsibility to at least have that discussion within the Senedd.

Eleanor Roosevelt said:

'Democracy cannot be static. Whatever is static is dead.'

I agree with the Minister that to ensure that democracy is alive here in Wales, this Senedd needs to be fit for purpose. It means being elected in a more democratic way; it means that we would have more Members to have that scrutiny work. I sit on the Equality and Social Justice Committee, and we will spend just one day scrutinising the Government's child poverty strategy. Let nobody talk about wasting money on politicians and governance, and don't dare talk about how that relatively small amount of money could be spent on helping people in the cost-of-living crisis. In order to help them, in order to ensure that the Government spends every penny that it has effectively, we need more politicians and more scrutiny to ensure that that can happen.

'Fit for purpose', Minister, also means that this Senedd looks more like the communities it represents. Innovative and practical steps such as giving real consideration to introducing job share are certainly a way of encouraging that. I'm disappointed that the work on job sharing, which has long been promised and discussed, can't happen sooner. So, do you agree that if we want to see more diversity of representation in this place, we have to make this a place that fits with people's lives, in all their diversity?

Thank you. You make some very good points. I was particularly impressed with the quote from Roosevelt, who made so many important contributions to our understanding of democracy, the rule of law and so on. You said that she said that

'Democracy cannot be static. Whatever is static is dead.'

I think that is the problem with the Welsh Conservative position. They have become politically static, they have become moribund, and I think the Welsh Conservatives have become largely irrelevant. I think that will be shown at the next general election.

In terms of the points you validly raised—[Interruption.] In terms of the points—[Interruption.] In terms of the points you validly raised about diversity, as I've said, some of those are going to be addressed in further legislation. But you are absolutely right, and I think one thing the voting system will do is actually increase that diversity. But we do want our Senedd to be much more broadly representative of all factors: gender, ethnic background, disability, class. I think there are many aspects to diversity, and that's why it has featured so significantly in the discussions. It is an incredibly complex area, particularly because of the Equality Act 2010. Work is under way on that, and I'm confident that we will be able to do things that will enable us, in 2026, to ensure that we take further steps towards increasing the representative nature and diversity of this Senedd.

Thank you, Counsel General. I very much welcome your statement about the Bill. I understand why the Bill has been divided, but I hope that no government of any stripe would hold the view that it's a good idea to challenge a Bill that tries to make this place more representative of the people of Wales.

In a letter I wrote to the Prif Weinidog over the summer, I raised some concerns about the international evidence regarding the efficiency of zipping alone as a method of bringing equality of opportunity for candidates, but I'll save that for another debate, hopefully later on this year.

I do have some concerns about parts of the Bill, especially that part on vacant seats. Whilst I understand it may be a very rare occurrence for a seat to be left vacated, it's not unimaginable for a future loose group of anti-Senedd independent candidates, campaigning, possibly, on a single issue such as speed limits, to simultaneously resign and cause a real lack of representation within the Senedd. This could potentially wreak havoc on Welsh democracy, purely by some individuals staging a walk-out. Does the Counsel General agree with me that it's worth relooking at this rather strange exception of potentially leaving a seat vacant for nearly four years?

Welsh democracy has outgrown, as Adam Price said, this small Senedd and needs room to spread its wings as a diverse and fully fledged Parliament. As Sioned Williams highlighted, due to the size of this Senedd, committees are unable to conduct important work, as they meet only once a fortnight. Increasing our Senedd to 96 members must mean that we are willing to take on more work, addressing the real issues that are important to the people of Wales but cannot currently be considered due to the Senedd timetable. The workload of the Legislation, Justice and Constitution Committee is just a perfect example. There are several shadow committees shadowing that committee in other legislatures on these islands.

When can we expect, Counsel General, the anticipated format of committees and the new roles that the Cabinet members will have within the reformed Senedd? I know it can't be definitive, but just so we can have an idea of what we can expect.

The other important impact of this Bill, and the future gender quota Bill, is providing representation for new and unique perspectives. Part of fixing the democratic deficit in Wales must be fixing the representation in our electoral system. I’ve written to the First Minister about this, and I’m happy to hear that the Welsh Government plans to publish diversity information on candidates standing for election to the next Senedd. We need to identify the potential barriers that prevent people from entering and engaging with politics. Welsh democracy can only benefit from a broad spectrum of ideas and life experience, which comes from diversity of gender, class, ethnicity, disability, among other groups that have been historically under-represented in Welsh politics. So, can the Counsel General give an update on how the Welsh Government aims to implement diversity strategies to ensure that the upgraded Senedd has a wide variety of Members?

It's so important we don’t miss this opportunity. My initial fear when I heard the news about the gender quota Bill being introduced by the end of the year was that it would be stuck as a desire for reform, rather than a tangible action. I have this concern about this legislation, too. If the Welsh Government is challenged in the courts, or subject to a section 114 order, we may find heavy delays or the outright denial of the Bill. My other concern is—

You're going to have to come to a conclusion now, Rhys ab Owen.

Sorry, Llywydd. I just hope that a Labour Government at Westminster will not cause delays in this. We are keen now on reform because of who's in Westminster at the moment.

Unlike Heledd Fychan, I didn't go to school the day after—I stayed at home after staying up so late for the Carmarthenshire result. But this was the exact argument that was used against establishing the Assembly in the first place. There is never an ideal time to add more politicians, but I presume, Counsel General, that you agree with me that this is the time to take this important step. Thank you very much.

Thank you. It is the time to take this important step, but can I just remind the Member that this isn't a Government Bill in that sense? The Government has brought this forward, but this is legislation that emanates from the Senedd, and quite rightly so. It is the Senedd that has the ownership, it is the Senedd that has to pass the two-thirds majority—it is the Senedd, and appropriately so.

In terms of vacant seats, there is a consequence. The difference is, of course, that it is the package as a whole that I think overwhelmingly improves the democracy of the Senedd itself. And in terms of the work that will be needed to be undertaken both by Government and by the Senedd, let me just say in terms of the 96 Members of the Senedd and how the committee system would work, and so on, those are matters for the Senedd to decide. Those aren't matters for me, and I really don't want to go down that, because I think that's a considerable amount of work, which I know that the Llywydd is looking forward to carrying out over the next couple of years. But it is important to recognise that the ethos of this legislation isn't something that Government wants to impose on the Senedd; it has come from a totally different direction.

And in terms of barriers and participation, of course, I agree with all that, and I suspect we have complete cross-party agreement on that. But can I just say that I don't think it's appropriate for me to go into detail and respond on the issues of diversity at this stage? There will be further legislation. I think that will be the appropriate time to have a more substantive discussion on the content of that particular legislation when it is tabled.

Finally, Delyth Jewell.

Diolch, Llywydd. In politics, unless we strive ahead, we will be pulled back, because this isn't about keeping the status quo or changing, is it, Counsel General, as inadequate as that status quo is. Because, no, it's about whether we in Wales show ambition for our nation, or whether our Parliament will pale into insignificance, with not enough Members to do the work properly—a place that will dim in its relevance. If we don't do this, Counsel General, surely Westminster will continue to clutch and pull at our legitimacy, at our democracy. They will wrench back powers hard won by Wales. What signal do you think that would send to the world? I have greater ambition for Wales than that. Cymru means more to me than that.

Now, Counsel General, the Conservatives talk about cost. Could you set out briefly again what you think the cost to our democracy will be if we fail to do this? And do you agree with me that we should demand a democracy that befits our great nation and show the ambition that our people deserve?

Well, on that last point, we obviously want the actual costs of making these changes to be as low as possible, but we also want to ensure, through the better governance, that we do produce better results, better management of the public resources that are entrusted to us, and that the changes we make will ensure that that actually happens, that these changes will pay for themselves.

Can I just say to the Member, in terms of what signal this presents to Westminster, I don't think that really is the right question? I think it is the signal that we send out in terms of our ambitions for Wales and for the people of Wales. It's largely irrelevant what Westminster would say about this, because this is something we have had to decide. We have been having these debates within our own environment. It is a local decision, it is a local constitutional reform that we feel we need to make, and all I think we'd say to Westminster is, 'Well, you specifically gave us the powers to enable us to consider these things.' We have considered. No-one could say we've rushed or not given them detailed consideration. And this is the result of all those discussions, and nothing will happen unless there is at least a two-thirds majority in this Senedd that is convinced that this is the right way forward. I hope that majority is there. I'm confident that it will be.

I thank the Counsel General.

The next item is item 5, and this is the statement from the Minister of Health and Social Services: an update on special measures at Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board. The Minister, therefore, to make her statement—Eluned Morgan.

Diolch yn fawr iawn, Llywydd. Almost seven months ago, I took the decision to put Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board back into special measures. I'm pleased to say that there are real signs that the health board is starting to change for the better. But there's also recognition that there is still a long way to go before we can restore the confidence of many people in north Wales in relation to their health services.

I want to put on record my thanks to all the staff at the health board who are working so hard to make a difference to healthcare in north Wales. Both the Deputy Minister for Mental Health and Well-being and I have visited the health board on a number of occasions and we have seen these improvements for ourselves. We’ve also heard from staff and the public. It's really important for the public and the staff at Betsi not just to hear about the many areas that need improvement, but also to celebrate the sometimes world-leading work that is happening in the north Wales health board.

Let’s not forget that every day, hundreds and thousands of people use the services provided by Betsi and that the vast majority of them have a satisfactory service. More than 58 per cent of people on waiting lists were treated within 26 weeks in June—that’s the highest number treated in six months since June 2020. Since February 2023 the average wait in BCU for treatment has fallen from 21 weeks to 19 weeks. And I think these are things that really matter to patients. So, there's a lot of change that's happening on the top, but what the public want to know is what is happening to them. What you can see here is the difference that it is making to people's lives on the ground.

But how many of you knew that the health board is the first in the UK to use artificial intelligence to diagnose breast and prostate cancer? Watching experts work in Ysbyty Glan Clwyd over the summer was truly awe-inspiring. We need to celebrate the great new innovations that have been introduced since they were put into special measures in February, including an expanded post-anaesthesia care unit at Wrexham Maelor Hospital for people who need specialised care after surgery. We have also seen a new eight-bed respiratory support unit opened in Ysbyty Glan Clwyd to support people with respiratory issues who need regular observations, but who don’t need high dependency care. Cutting-edge laser surgery is being used to remove kidney stones, and the orthopaedic team at Ysbyty Gwynedd has performed 100 knee replacements using robotic technology. I was also pleased to learn that doctors in training have ranked Ysbyty Gwynedd’s emergency department as the best place to train in the United Kingdom.

Now, we've seen changes at the top of the organisation. We now have a new interim chair and new interim independent board members. But I know that many of you were keen to see changes also to the executive team in Betsi. As Members know, these are changes that are not within my gift, but I can report that there has been an almost wholesale change in the leadership of the executive at Betsi, including a new interim chief executive, a new interim finance director and a new interim executive director of operations. Changes have also been made to the office of the board secretary to support the board. The interviews for the new vice-chair and further independent members will take place early next month, followed by a recruitment campaign for a permanent chair and chief executive.

I recognise that what I have reported on here is a lot of interim appointments, but the health board has had to take urgent action to ensure the right people are in place in this early phase of special measures. These appointments are part of a process, and the long-term plan is to ensure that the right people are in place to provide leadership for the organisation. The team of advisers we've put in place has supported the board across a range of quality, financial and operational issues, and here I'd like to note the contribution made by Geraint Evans, who sadly passed away this summer, and I'd like to pass on my condolences to his family.

There's also considerable external oversight of the special measures intervention. I chair a bimonthly special measures improvement forum with the board, which the Deputy Minister for Mental Health and Well-being also attends. This allows us to ensure that the health board is progressing with the appropriate actions in response to the special measures escalation. The Deputy Minister chairs a quarterly meeting on mental health issues. I meet the interim chair each month to assess progress. The chief executive of NHS Wales chairs a quarterly special measures assurance board that reviews progress against the priorities in each 90-day cycle. A review of board governance has been undertaken and the health board is in the process of implementing its recommendations. These will help to ensure that corporate and board governance is effective across the organisation.

When I put the health board into special measures, the outgoing independent board members were very clear that there were serious quality and patient-safety issues across parts of the organisation. These have been echoed by His Majesty’s coroners, who have been frustrated by the lack of learning within the organisation and the poor preparation for inquests. In response to these serious concerns, my officials commissioned an independent assessment of patient-safety issues. This is now with the health board for action, and the NHS executive will be working with the board to ensure quality and safety governance systems and procedures respond to these issues within a set time frame.

The decision by Healthcare Inspectorate Wales to de-escalate vascular services from a service requiring significant improvement was encouraging. I still have concerns about the vascular service, but this, of course, is a key step in the right direction. I have asked the NHS executive to undertake further work with the health board in the coming months.

When I was in north Wales this summer, I visited the vascular ward in Ysbyty Glan Clwyd and I met the clinical teams to learn more about what they are doing to improve services. I know that members of the executive team are meeting with some of the patients impacted by past mistakes in the coming weeks.

Dirprwy Lywydd, the NHS in Wales, in common with the NHS across the UK, is facing significant financial challenges. This is because of record levels of inflation, over a decade of austerity and sky-high energy bills. Like all other health boards in Wales, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board was unable to submit a balanced three-year integrated medium-term plan, and, instead, it submitted an unbalanced annual plan. But, believe it or not, this is an improvement on last year’s submission.

The annual accounts were qualified by Audit Wales, and I was as concerned as you were to hear, over the summer, about the significant overpayment to the interim executive director of nursing and midwifery between April and August 2022. I have been assured that further measures have now been put in place to ensure that this cannot happen again. Nevertheless, the board was able to approve the accounts at its extraordinary general meeting on 24 August. Considerable progress has been made in addressing the issues raised by Audit Wales in relation to financial accounting last year.

We have yet to see the sustained improvement in waiting times that we all want to see, but there has been, since January, a 35 per cent reduction in the number of people waiting more than 52 weeks for an out-patient appointment—so, mostly since special measures. And the number of very long waits for treatment has fallen by 27 per cent. That is not a bad record during a time of turmoil faced by the organisation, but I recognise and the board recognises that there is a long way to go.

There is one area where I have particular concerns in relation to waiting lists, and that is in orthopaedic surgery. There has been a real focus on orthopaedic productivity in Wrexham and in Abergele, and what is learnt from this will now be shared across the other sites. But many planned care services continue to be challenged. I have emphasised to the health board that I want to see sustainable plans for ophthalmology, urology, oncology, dermatology, orthodontics and plastics being developed in this next phase of special measures. I am pleased to report that we have seen some improvements in urgent and emergency care performance, although, again, we recognise that there is a long way to go.

There has been a marked reduction in ambulance handover delays, but according to Healthcare Inspectorate Wales, A&E at Ysbyty Glan Clwyd continues to be designated a service requiring significant improvement. I have asked the board to look specifically at what alternatives can be put in place to alleviate the pressure on Glan Clwyd. I have visited this department twice recently and I know that the staff are working tremendously hard to improve services, and to put right the things that were going wrong, and the atmosphere has certainly changed since I last visited.

Thank you, Minister, for your statement and for sharing a copy in advance. Can I also put on record my thanks to the hard-working front-line staff in the Betsi Cadwaladr health board that do their best under very pressing circumstances to care for the patients who present themselves in various places across north Wales?

I listened carefully to your statement, I also read the documents that are online in relation to the cycles, as it were, to try to monitor the progress, and I have to say, Minister, I'm disappointed that there was no reference whatsoever to the Ernst & Young report and any of the progress that might have been made in relation to the findings in that report. That report is still not in the public domain, in spite of the warm words from the chair of the health board and the chief executive suggesting that they might be able to put a copy in the public domain, albeit redacted, at some point in the future.

As you and I both know, that report made for very alarming reading. It suggested that people were guilty of the falsification of accounting documents, false accounting, potentially misconduct in public office, and certainly the inappropriate awarding of contracts without due process in collusion with an NHS supplier. That supplier, it's come to my attention, Lightfoot Solutions, is actually working with six NHS bodies across Wales, with contracts worth £10.63 million, which is a not insignificant sum of taxpayers' money, and I want to know what work has been done to seek assurances by the Welsh Government that those other contracts were also awarded in the proper way, because Audit Wales have recently corresponded with me about not just the financial accounts for which the findings of the Ernst & Young report related to, but the previous financial year, 2020-21. They identified that there was also a £1.2 million contract that was accrued for in those accounts with Lightfoot Solutions. It was not identified, because the figure of £1.2 million, which is in the accounts, was split into two, so that it was just below the threshold by which the auditors would have looked at it, which, of course, in that particular year, I am led to believe, was £1 million. So, it's quite clear that there's been a deliberate attempt over two years to hide some of these issues from the auditors, and I want to know a little bit more about what the Welsh Government's doing to scratch underneath that and determine whether it's going on elsewhere.

You also didn't refer in your statement to NHS shared services partnership. We know that they were involved, or that a senior person in that organisation was involved, in preparing a document, a purchase order, that was designed to fail in order that a contract could be awarded. Clearly, that is a serious thing, and I want to know what's being done to hold that individual to account and, indeed, all of those individuals who were implicated in all of these things.

Thanks very much. Well, there were lots of questions there, so I’ll try and cover as many of them as I can.

So, first of all, in relation to the Ernst & Young report, you’ll be aware that, following legal advice, representatives from the health board met with the Public Accounts and Public Administration Committee in a closed session on 4 July to discuss a redacted copy of the Ernst & Young report. Now the point is that, at the moment, the health board is still working through the disciplinary processes. And some disciplinary hearings have taken place; there were five disciplinary cases arising following the Ernst & Young investigation. Two have now concluded, and the other three are in the process, and so what we don’t want to do is to undermine that process. So, I just want you to have an assurance that they are taking this very seriously. Two have been dealt with; there are more to go. But I am hoping that we are going to see a resolution to this, certainly this Senedd term. So, it won’t be too long, I’m hoping.

So, just to emphasise that it is important that these cases must be allowed to be completed in line with natural justice, and the health board have agreed that they will publish, via the board, accounting issues, including the Ernst & Young report, once all outstanding disciplinary and grievances are resolved. So, I’m hoping that will be done certainly before Christmas, and, obviously, we’ll keep you informed as to where we’re at on that. But I don’t want to undermine the process; I think that wouldn’t help any of us.

Certainly, in terms of your questions in terms of shared services, I’ve asked those questions, so that is certainly something that our officials are on to. I think, in relation to your point about enhanced monitoring, that’s probably a question worth asking: how did we as a Government miss that? And so I will ask my officials to see if something could be tightened up in relation to that, because obviously we missed it, they missed it, there was something wrong with the systems. I've been given an assurance in the meeting last week with Betsi that it couldn't happen again. So, obviously, there are mechanisms to tighten up those systems.

Just in terms of the coroner's reports, Llais—. I think Llais is going to be really crucial in future, so I'm very keen and I'd be very grateful if north Wales Members would help to inform the public about that being a very good route for the public to use in terms of any frustrations with the health board. And certainly I think that new system is still finding its feet, but there is a system. It is interesting, isn't it, how some health boards can respond much quicker than others in relation to complaints, but some complaints go much faster than others. I don't know if you've noticed that as well, Darren. So, we've got to just make sure that we understand why it's taking a long time.

And Lightfoot Solutions.

Yes, so I've asked for an internal investigation into that.

I, too, on behalf of Plaid Cymru should echo what has been said in giving thanks to the health board's workforce for all of their work over the past 12 months, during a very challenging period.

We welcome the quarterly report on the progress of special measures at Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board and, regardless of our political allegiances, we all want to see safe, efficient and timely health provision being implemented in north Wales as soon as possible. And I hope that the measures outlined in the report are taking us closer to that outcome. But we've been here before, haven't we? Back in November 2020, we were told that sufficient progress had been made to de-escalate special measures at Betsi Cadwaladr, and we all know how that eventually panned out. So, when we talk about progress in this context, we need firm assurances that such language can be backed up by substantive results on the ground, rather than high-level wishful thinking.

While the update report is to be welcomed, it does raise a host of questions and clarity is needed. So, I'd ask kindly that the Minister responds to each of my questions in the interests of transparency and clarity, which the people of north Wales clearly deserve. So, the report highlights a number of local developments. For instance, something local to me: a new treatment room has been implemented and installed at Tywyn hospital. But this should be contextualised against the fact that the minor injuries unit is now only available three days a week, and the closure of the in-patient ward back in April and the loss of maternity services. So, to what extent does this new treatment room ameliorate the setbacks that have happened in other areas of the hospital? But, more than that, do the other announcements mask other decline in local services?

On the de-escalation of intervention on vascular services, can the Minister confirm whether she now intends to commission a public inquiry into the provision of the service, following the recommendation of north-east Wales's coroner, John Gittins, earlier this year?

Can the Minister also provide an update on work to improve working culture across different teams in the vascular pathway, as recommended by the Healthcare Inspectorate Wales report? When are we therefore likely to receive the Wales national clinical networks assessment of the vascular plan?

The report mentions the appointment of an interim chief executive, an interim director of finance, an interim director of operations. The Minister touched on this, and Darren Millar talked about the churn at the top. Now, as far as I'm aware, we've had eight chief executive officers and four finance directors in the last number of years. So, how confident is the Minister that this churn will provide the requisite stability and assurance at the board level to underpin any de-escalation measures? And what are the expected timescales for installing permanent staff to these positions?

Thank you very much. I do think it's important that we give the new board an opportunity and that we give the new executive an opportunity too. What I don't want to do is to see habitual targets undermining their confidence and their ability to carry on with their work. So, of course, we must ensure that when they say, 'This is what we're going to do,' that we follow up and ensure that there is action as a result of what they say needs to be done.

There are a few points that I'd like to touch upon. First of all, you talked about Tywyn. I'm very aware of the situation in relation to Tywyn, and you will be aware that the reason why Tywyn had to be closed is because we frankly couldn't get the staff. There is a relationship between constant haranguing of a health board and our ability to attract people to work there. There is a relationship. So, I just think it's really important for us to understand the consequences of our actions. Now, what we've done is we've obviously put in a new system there, but that process of trying to recruit is ongoing, including now an attempt at international recruitment. So, all of that is ongoing.

Just in relation to the vascular services, I was very pleased that HIW had said that they no longer see this as a facility that needs the kind of intensive change that they certainly thought was necessary before, but that doesn't mean we're taking the foot off the pedal in relation to that. I met with the coroner in north Wales—both the coroners of north Wales—in the summer to discuss various issues in relation to Betsi Cadwaladr. I have written to them again recently, just to make it clear that we're undertaking an investigation into whether there is a need for an independent inquiry. We haven't come to a conclusion on that yet. But can I just make it clear that the coroner wasn't saying, necessarily, 'I want you to have one.' He was saying, 'Can you have a look at it? Does it reach the level where you think there's a requirement to do it?'

In terms of the appointments, you're quite right. I listed a lot of interim appointments there. Now, clearly, what we had to do was to stabilise the ship very quickly, so there have been a lot of interim appointments. There's been a significant shift in relation to the numbers of people who've moved now from interim to permanent appointments. I think it's gone down from about 32 to about 12, so we're already getting to a better position in relation to interim appointments. The search for the chief executive is starting imminently, and the appointment of the chair is certainly—. The vice-chair is out already, and the appointment of the chair is imminent as well, in terms of the recruitment process. I'm very pleased to say there's been a lot of interest in the number of people who want to serve on the board, both as vice-chair and as independent Members.

Just in terms of mental health, obviously, it's my colleague Lynne Neagle who leads on this, but, certainly, that kind of in-house investigation that happened is something that is now being monitored by the group that overlooks what is happening in Betsi. So, I'm very confident that Lynne Neagle meets with them very, very regularly to make sure that those actions are implemented.

I'd like to thank you for your really honest and comprehensive statement covering so many areas of service. It's good to hear also about the positives where Betsi is leading on training and new technologies in the health board. I think that's really important when we're looking to recruit people to north Wales, and it's really good news also that the General Medical Council have given the go-ahead to recruit to the new medical school, starting in September 2024. So, I was wondering what you can tell me about the level of interest in those new positions in north Wales, and what impact it will have on the health care in north Wales. Thank you.

Thank you very much. Well, I think it's wonderful that they had that report to say that, actually, north Wales is one of the best places to train as a doctor. I think that's really going to lift morale, and this is about the next generation. That's what's so wonderful about it. We need word to get out, so that more people will apply. I don't think there's going to be a shortage in terms of the numbers of people applying to study medicine in north Wales. I'm really pleased, like you, to see that the GMC has now given their blessing, so that process of recruitment can start in earnest. I spoke to the vice-chancellor of Bangor University at the beginning of this week, and he, I know, was very, very pleased with that GMC blessing, and is looking forward to welcoming the new students. In terms of what that means, I think it's significant, not just for the university, but, obviously, it's really significant for the health board, and I'm hoping that having a medical school so closely tied in with the health board will be transformational and will attract top-class clinicians, on top of the ones we already have there, to come and establish themselves in north Wales.

Minister, in your statement, you point out that many wanted to see those changes in the executive management board and, of course, you've said on many occasions in this Chamber that making those changes was not in your gift. So, I ask the question in a wider context, really, outside Betsi as well. Considering you're the health Minister and we're a fairly small nation, do you think that it should be in your gift to make changes to an executive management board? If not, why not? And if you do, what needs to change to make that happen?

Darren Millar mentioned issues around the overpayment to the interim executive for nursing and midwifery. In your statement, you set out that you've been assured that there are now measures in place to make sure that doesn't happen again. But given the significance of this, is there anything more you can say? Can you give any details about what those measures are?

And, finally, you ended by saying, 'Well, these issues aren't going to be resolved overnight', and of course I accept that—these are big, big challenges—but when will the health board be where you want it to be? When will the people of mid Wales have an NHS that they can be proud of? I suppose, you say it can't be overnight, but can you give us a rough estimate date of when you believe that the health board should be in a position where you want it to be?

Thanks very much. Well, Russell, you'll be aware that I have established a governance and accountability review to look at whether we've got the right structure in relation to the relationship between Welsh Government and health boards, and I think there are some really interesting questions for us to explore around that. I do hope that that group will be calling people from the Senedd to give evidence to that, just to give them your views on what you think the situation should be. Because I do think we're in a slightly different situation to Westminster, where there's no accountability, frankly—very, very, little accountability—but I get that this is a smaller nation. So, the question is: how far do you go with that? If a bedpan falls on the floor in Tredegar, it's supposed to resound in the corridors in Whitehall. Well, I sometimes feel like that's the situation, that it's my fault that the bedpan dropped, and I think that's probably taking it too far. So, the issue is how far do you go with that. I think you've got to be a little bit careful in terms of how far you go with directly appointing executives, but I'm very happy to wait for the outcome of the accountability review, and I genuinely have an open mind on this, so let's see what they come up with.

It's not going to be—. We're not going to be able to turn this around overnight; I've been very clear about this. But what I can tell you is that once we've got through this initial stage and this stabilisation phase, and we've been through the discovery phase, we need to be absolutely clear that we know, 'Right. Have we found everything, first?' So, we need to know that we've reached the bottom. I'm hoping that we're there or thereabouts, but what I want to do then is to set out some criteria for what needs to happen to get out of special measures, and we're not there yet, and once we do that, obviously, we'll be able to get a better sense of how long it will take to get there.

Good afternoon, Minister. Thank you very much for your report back. It seems that there are changes and movements ahead in relation to Betsi Cadwaladr. Of course, you'll know that part of my region is covered by the health board. I think there are a few concerns. One is obviously the financial issues and the Welsh Government budget, and we've heard earlier what the situation is. So, I just wondered if you could give us an overarching picture of how you see that, if you can, affecting the changes and the plan and the journey that you have moving forward in terms of Betsi Cadwaladr.

And then just the second and the final issue from me is that we all know that health services are all about the patients, the families that they serve, the staff, the people who actually use those facilities, and I just wondered what processes you had for ensuring that both the voices of the staff and the voices of the people who use Betsi Cadwaladr were inputting in terms of their experiences of the services and whether they were feeling that things were moving forward and improving. Diolch yn fawr iawn.

Diolch yn fawr iawn. So, just first of all, in relation to the financial situation, as you're aware, there are significant challenges, not just in relation to Betsi, but across the whole of the health service, and not just in Wales, but across the United Kingdom. Betsi Cadwaladr is no different from the rest of them; I think they've got a forecast deficit of about £134 million, which is not an insignificant amount, and, of course, that means—. It's not that there are cuts happening; it's just that they've projected to overspend. So, the health board has been given more money, but, obviously, if you bring into account inflation and the fact that they have to pay more for energy and they now have to pay for the vaccinations, which have started to roll out, and of course the increases that we gave to the staff, none of that has come with any additional funding. So, what you have to do is to effectively take the money from somewhere else, and that's the challenge that they have, and it's a very, very difficult challenge. So, there'll be more on that in the forthcoming weeks.

Just in terms of the staff and the culture, we had a meeting earlier this week with the health board—or was it last week—and one of the themes that we touched upon was the importance of compassionate leadership. So, just making sure that when you lead—. And this is quite a difficult balance, isn't it? You're trying to turn something around, where you do need to be a little bit directional, because you need to see improvements, but you need to do that without people accusing you of being a bully. So, compassionate leadership is what we're looking for, and that was something that we tried to tease out with the executive board earlier this week. There's 19,000 staff there. What was interesting for me, speaking to them over the summer, was that, actually, a lot of them sense that some things were changing, that the atmosphere is changing somewhat. But there is a long way to go, I think.

Part of the issue, of course, is that the pressure on the service is just intense. The demand just keeps on coming. And however much money you throw at it, if the demand just keeps on coming, and you haven't got the staff, that's going to be very, very difficult for people to deal with. So, it's trying to make sure that there's an appreciation for what they do. I think we, as the public, can do a lot more in that space, and I hope that the public in north Wales will do more to thank the staff for the incredible efforts that they've been undertaking in the face of this very challenging situation in north Wales.

Firstly, Minister, thank you for a very comprehensive statement today. I do feel that you've addressed many of the issues that have been concerning us for months—well, years, actually.

Seven months ago, as you rightly point out, there was a decision to put the Betsi Cadwaladr board back into special measures—we welcome that—but, of course, that followed a period of many years when this board was in measures for more years than any other health board in the UK. And we still believe that these were only removed for the potential electoral benefit prior to the Senedd elections in 2021. Since then, of course, we've all had to witness numerous negative and, frankly, quite shocking reports: the vascular services, the financial failings report, the auditor general's report, the Ernst & Young report.

It's easy for us to keep going on about all the things that we're really concerned about, but I agree wholeheartedly that whilst highlighting the many failures that we've all seen of this board at senior management, we should also be keen to mention when we are informed, as Members, of any success achieved. So, I was really excited—and I'd like to learn more—about the fact that the health board is the first in the UK to use artificial intelligence to diagnose breast and prostate concerns, and the robotic technology that's taking place now—

Can you ask your question, Janet, now, please?

—in orthopaedics. Yes.

Going back to a point that my colleague Darren Millar raised—and it's also been raised by Carolyn—we're glad to know that you've taken on board our real concerns about the restructuring of the senior executive team. So, could you clarify that the new appointments are indeed from outside the organisation and it's not just been people moved into post, and also that those who have left these particular roles, to make way for the new people, have now in fact left Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board or have had their contracts finished with? Thank you.

Thanks very much. On the issue of us coming out of special measures, of course, we've dealt with that in the past; that was a recommendation to Ministers. But let me just focus in a little bit on the positives, because I do think it's important that we do look at the positives. I think cancer is a good example of where they do things very well in north Wales. They're still not reaching the targets we'd like them to get to, but relative to some of the others in Wales—. It was really exciting to go to the pathology labs in Glan Clwyd to look at how they determine which patients are most likely to develop particular cancers. And if you put them through artificial intelligence, all digitally enabled systems, then you get the result far, far quicker, and it's more accurate. So, it's very, very exciting, I think, and something we should definitely celebrate.

Just in relation to the executive team, I listed to you a whole raft of new people who've come into the organisation. I think it's really important that you don't say that anybody from within the organisation can't be promoted to an executive. I think it's really important that that's not the signal we're giving here. But I'm very excited; there are some really good appointments, I think. I think we should be really confident. I remember bumping into somebody in the Eisteddfod who bounded up to me saying she's the new head of risk in Betsi Cadwaladr. She's from Pen Llŷn and had had an incredible career in London and had come back. I just think these are people who are coming home to help us out, and I think those are things that we should celebrate. There are still a few more to go and, obviously, what we want to see is stabilisation and not all these interim appointments, but a lot of those interim appointments have—[Interruption.] Lots of the people have left the organisation. For example, the executive director of integrated clinical services retired and has left the employment of Betsi Cadwaladr. So, there's a number of people who have left the organisation and, obviously, there are a few disciplinary hearings going on. So, things are moving on, but we're not in a celebratory mood yet.

Thank you, Minister, for your statement. As you said, doctors in training have ranked Ysbyty Gwynedd's emergency department as the best place to train in the United Kingdom. That's very much welcome, but what assurance have you had that this sort of example of good work-based culture is actually being shared across the health board, as it most definitely needs to be?

Secondly, Minister, it's vitally important that we don't lose sight of the need to create more twenty-first century integrated healthcare hubs, and I have two examples in my constituency of where hubs are required to replace ageing facilities. I'd be very grateful if you could provide assurance that Betsi Cadwaladr does have the capacity and the focus to deliver on the scoping work that's needed for investment to take place in new hubs.

And thirdly and finally, issues concerning mental health are obviously of concern to everybody. I'd be incredibly grateful if at an appropriate time either your or the Deputy Minister for Mental Health and Well-being were able to attend the cross-party group on mental health to outline how improvements are ongoing at Betsi Cadwaladr and, indeed, across Wales. Diolch.

Thanks very much. I thought it was wonderful to hear that they thought Ysbyty Gwynedd was the best place to train, but you're quite right—what we have to do now is to take that best practice and to make sure that that is really shared with the other establishments in north Wales. What was really interesting for me in north Wales in my visits over the summer was that there were some examples of departments where they worked really, really well together across the three key sites, and there were others where they were in their own little domains and they didn't want to play together. And I do think that some leadership here by clinicians would be really useful, just to see—. We've got to keep in mind what is the best for patients here, and just keeping our focus on what is the best for patients I think is the way to look at this. But it was clear to me that the leadership of some clinicians in pulling the three main centres together worked really well in some departments, and not so well in others. I think, again, there are things to be learned there.

Just in terms of the twenty-first century care hubs, you'll understand that we are massively challenged when it comes to capital funding—massively challenged—and already we have made a commitment—I think we're in the final stages, so it might not be a firm, firm commitment, but we're almost there—on the adult mental health unit in Glan Clwyd, which is not going to be cheap; I think we're talking about a £70 million investment. So, that's something that we're looking to see develop. We are looking at developing a new orthopaedic hub in Llandudno, but that's not going to happen unless we see consistent improvements in terms of productivity rates in relation to orthopaedic surgery. They're heading in the right direction, I'm really pleased to say. And then the other thing, of course, is that we get unexpected surprises that knock us out, like reinforced autoclaved aerated concrete. The capital budget is actually a central Welsh Government budget, so when something like RAAC appears in Withybush hospital, where we suddenly have to find £12.8 million to shore up the facility, then things have got to go elsewhere. There's no more money for those things. But in terms of the healthcare hubs, there are six projects that we're looking at in north Wales, and two I'm hoping are going to be developed soon, one in Conwy and one in Penygroes. So, things are moving in relation to those healthcare hubs.

And finally, Sam Rowlands.

Thank you, Deputy Presiding Officer, and thank you, Minister, for the statement this afternoon. You were right, I think, to highlight some of the concerns and that you're having a focus around mental health in particular, and orthopaedic services as well. I think your summary towards the end, where you say clearly there's still a lot of work to be done, is probably a fair assessment at the moment.

I just want to make two brief points. I think you were right to highlight some of the successes towards the beginning of your statement, in particular around the use of artificial intelligence and those advances in laser surgery as well, and they are really important. I don't want to belittle those. But the things my residents are coming to me about are what they would see as basic expectations around getting to see their GP quickly and easily, and being seen to quickly and effectively in accident and emergency units as well. So I just wondered, with all this work going on, and all the innovation that's taking place, how are you going to keep that determined focus on making sure those basics—what my residents would see as basics—are being delivered in a good way?

And my second point, very briefly, is that right at the end of your statement you say we're at the start of a long journey, and a journey means that perhaps there's an end to all this at some point, which Russell George was pointing to before. But I wonder what assurances you can continue to give us that the health board won't be pulled out of special measures prematurely, as perhaps has happened in the past, to ensure that that support and that focus continues to be put onto the health board, right until it's performing as we'd all expect it to. Diolch yn fawr iawn.

Thanks very much. You're quite right; I think there is a particular focus on mental health, and my colleague Lynne Neagle is, I know, keeping a very, very close eye on what happens in Betsi in relation to mental health. We have seen some improvements in terms of mental health performance as well, so I'm very pleased that that has happened. Eighty-four per cent of adults had their assessments done within 28 days, so that's not a bad figure compared to 73 per cent in February. So that's something I think, again, we should be celebrating, and there has been improvement also in relation to child mental health since February. This is all under special measures, so things are starting to improve, but as I say, there's a long way to go.

You're quite right; we've got to focus on the bread-and-butter issues at the same time. Ninety per cent of people access their healthcare through GP surgeries, 1.5 million people go and see doctors on a monthly basis in Wales, so that's why getting access to a doctor is crucial. But let's be clear: it's not always going to be a doctor. We've got a new model now. It's about making sure that you get to the right person, the most appropriate person for you, and sometimes that's not going to be a doctor. That's why one of the things we've done is we've got the new contract with GPs, and I've certainly noticed in my postbag that the volume in relation to access to GP surgeries has gone down significantly. I'll be very interested to hear if that is the case in—. If you're still hearing lots of noise from particular GP surgeries, I would ask health boards to let me know, because I do think that contract has made a difference, and certainly the volume for me seems to have decreased.

As you say, we're on a journey. What is clear is that we do need to have some criteria for how you get out of special measures. But one of the things that I'll be very keen to avoid is we mustn't hold Betsi up to higher standards than we expect from everyone else, either. You know, there are other health boards that do things really well or do things not so well, so what I don't want is to wait until everything is perfect before taking Betsi out. So, getting those criteria right is going to be really important, but we're not in a position yet to set those criteria.

Thank you, Minister.

Item 6 this afternoon is a statement by the Minister for Social Justice and Chief Whip: update on a nation of sanctuary. I call on the Minister, Jane Hutt.

Diolch, Dirprwy Lywydd. I'm grateful for the opportunity to update Members on progress over the summer months in relation to our nation of sanctuary programme. According to Home Office data, at 12 September, Wales-based sponsors have now welcomed over 7,050 Ukrainians since the full-scale invasion of Ukraine began in February 2022. We are continuing to provide the best possible support to ensure those arriving in Wales can integrate effectively.

Our successful supersponsor route has now sponsored over 3,200 individuals arriving in the UK. Working closely with local authorities, host families and our third sector partners, we have supported over 2,300 supersponsor arrivals to move on into longer term accommodation, and there are now fewer than 500 individuals continuing to be directly accommodated by the Welsh Government. In line with our longer term move-on strategy, this has enabled us to reduce our initial accommodation estate from over 40 venues to around 10 in current use. We will continue to implement this plan over the coming months, helping all of our guests to find longer term accommodation where they can have more independence and become settled.

Local authorities and the third sector organisations we fund are instrumental in helping us to find sustainable offers of accommodation, particularly given the wider housing pressures across Wales. I also want to pay tribute to the remarkable efforts of local authorities across Wales, particularly Cardiff and the Vale of Glamorgan, in supporting our Afghan families to successfully move on from the Home Office-procured hotels, which closed last month. Despite this enormous challenge, only three families will have to be supported in temporary accommodation. With more notice from the UK Government, even this small number could have been avoided. The team Wales approach has been instrumental, yet again, in preventing the most harmful outcomes from occurring.

Unfortunately, despite the success of these hotel closures, we've also seen some very negative situations developing over the summer. Members are aware of the situation at the Stradey Park Hotel. A multi-agency virtual information service for the Llanelli community was held in August and a question-and-answer session, led by the Home Office, answering the public’s questions—that Q&A will be published very shortly. This is helping to correct the misinformation that has spread in the community. The movement of individuals into the hotel is not imminent, and we continue to work with all partners to promote community understanding and cohesion.

Over the summer Welsh Ministers and leaders of Welsh local authorities met to discuss the many issues with the current operation of the Home Office asylum accommodation system. We all recognise that a different approach is needed to prevent divisive and counterproductive approaches, like that taken at Stradey Park. We and the Welsh Local Government Association will shortly approach the UK Government to seek a revised approach by the Home Office to ensuring that Wales can continue to play a full part in supporting sanctuary seekers based on our principles, which respect our nation of sanctuary vision. For example, it's not acceptable that the Home Office’s accommodation provider takes over hotels and makes the workforce redundant, or that an information vacuum is allowed to develop, which invites exploitation by the far right. We will offer a better way of doing things, informed by experiences and lessons we have learned in recent years.

We have consistently called for quicker decisions in relation to the asylum backlog, but the Home Office’s own figures show that the overall asylum casework backlog now stands at around 175,000 cases. On 20 July the Illegal Migration Act 2023 was given Royal Assent, and this is only likely to make the situation worse. The Home Office has not yet implemented the provisions in the Act requiring the Home Secretary to remove asylum seekers from the UK. This is recognition that the Act is unworkable in its current form. Nevertheless, the Act means that asylum seekers will sit in limbo until the Home Office can decide how to remove individuals from the UK. We expect the Supreme Court to hear the UK Government's appeal in relation to the Rwanda plan next month, which we oppose.

We expect the 2023 Act to have a seriously negative effect on our ability to support asylum seekers to fully integrate into Welsh life. It will mean that UK Ministers can take vulnerable children out of the care of Welsh local authorities and remove them from the UK. It will mean that our Welsh NHS cannot benefit from refugee doctors in the way that we have for many years. And it will mean more people being exploited in our local communities, potentially working illegally and living in perpetual destitution for fear of coming to the attention of Immigration Enforcement. We saw during the pandemic how that fear could undermine good public health practices. Later this year the UK Government will consult on a safe and legal routes cap. We have met with Home Office officials and agreed that we will convene a workshop in Wales to ensure full participation in that consultation. And we will continue to monitor the Act's implementation in the coming months.

Last week I was asked about the work we are doing to continue to provide support to people from Ukraine. We are continuing to urge the UK Government to signal its plans for Ukrainian visa holders in the UK beyond their three-year stay. We are approximately halfway through that visa duration, yet the war rages on. We recognise that the UK needs to act carefully and multilaterally with other countries, but our guests and neighbours need to be able to plan for their future. We are also urging a return of the vital public services integration tariff funding, which was cut for year 2, and continued host 'thank you' payments. Individuals have done a remarkable thing in supporting over 3,800 Ukrainians to arrive in Welsh homes and it is important that the UK Government continues to recognise the huge contribution this is making to supporting and averting homelessness. I am meeting the responsible UK Minister, Felicity Buchan, later this week and will be urging these points.

Finally, I want to give a brief update on our commitment to refresh the 'Nation of Sanctuary' plan. Since the current plan was published in 2019, we have undertaken bold and important interventions, like the supersponsor route, our Afghan welcome and the welcome ticket, the latter of which we have been able to extend until March 2024. Our plan could not predict these developments and we will never be able to predict the refugee crises of the future. Our intention for the next plan is to focus more heavily on the principles that will guide our decision making, with fewer but more tangible outcomes and actions. We hope to consult on this plan in December and publish the refreshed plan in 2024. Diolch.

[Inaudible.]—'sanctuary' applies to how people are treated when they come here, where, as we heard, immigration policy is restricted to the UK Government. Although the Illegal Migration Act 2023 places a duty on the Secretary of State to make arrangements as soon as reasonably practical to remove any person who enters the UK illegally and has not come directly from a country where their life and liberty were threatened, we all share concerns about unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and young people. Does the Minister therefore acknowledge that the UK Government has stated that it will only remove an unaccompanied child from the UK before they turn 18 years old in very limited circumstances, such as to reunite them with family members?

Home Office figures show that there were 112,294 asylum seekers receiving support from local authorities across the UK on 31 March. How does the Minister respond to the statistics in this, showing that Wales has the lowest number of asylum seekers seeking support from local authorities amongst the 12 UK nations and regions, even below Northern Ireland, with its smaller population? As my own casework attests, many people in Wales are stuck on housing waiting lists in temporary and unsuitable housing because of the social, unaffordable housing supply crisis in Wales. Responding to your refugee statement in June, I note that I had raised the issue of housing and proposed modular housing as part of the solution. In your response to me on 9 May, you referred to the need to move our Ukrainian guests into longer term accommodation, some of which is modular accommodation, developed across Wales. So, what, if any, specific allocation is being provided for refugees, including the approximate 500 individuals continuing to be directly accommodated by the Welsh Government you refer to? I also referred to the £150 million fund to help Ukrainians into their own homes formerly announced by the UK Government, including £8 million for Wales, and asked you to confirm how this would be allocated. In your response, you referred to the transitional accommodation capital programme, describing this as

'a range of accommodation solutions across Wales, not just modular housing, but also bringing void or mothball properties back into use, converting buildings, demolition, and new build as well.'

You also stated that you’re establishing a ministerial board and broadening the scope of the existing refugee taskforce, and that some of the areas you will look at include the difficulties that asylum seekers face when trying to gain access to NHS services, and concerns around a lack of sufficient accommodation for Ukrainian refugees that are being sponsored by the Welsh Government; of course, you’ve already made some reference to that. So, what is the current position regarding each of the areas being considered by this taskforce, with evidence and statistics?

Thank you for those questions, and of course, as you say, very much in line with the 1951 UN convention on refugees—which I do believe is in jeopardy because of the policies of the UK Government—sanctuary is how we treat people when they arrive here, how we treat people when they arrive here in Wales, and thank you for recognising that and for the work that you’ve done, and can I just—? Yes, NWAMI: can I also praise them and recognise the work that they’ve done and join you in that last point, with that recognition, in the region that you represent?

And I think, yes, it is about how we treat people when they arrive here, and that’s where the corrosive impact of the policies of the UK Government, particularly the Illegal Migration Act, is so undermining that opportunity, but I’m glad that you’ve acknowledged the needs of unaccompanied asylum-seeker children, and I’m glad also that there has been some reassurance as far as intervention is concerned from the UK Government. But we have to face the fact that we now have an Act—the Illegal Migration Bill received Royal Assent; it is now an Act—and, of course, what it is doing in law is actually undermining the lead authority’s role, our social workers in Wales, in assessing what’s in the best interest of children in their care. And we've said, as I have said to the Home Secretary directly, it's not acceptable for the UK Government to remove children from care in Wales regardless of the views of professional social workers about what is in that child's interest. And that is on the statute book, so we have to ensure that this does not undermine our devolved powers as it seeks to do.

Now, I think, of course, we seek to welcome and integrate, but this very much depends on the role of the Home Office—for us to play our part. That's why, and I've mentioned in my statement, we are working with the Welsh Local Government Association to actually engage with the Home Office. And I've said in my statement that we are going to be presenting to the UK Government the opportunity for us to take a stronger all-Wales responsibility in terms of dispersal, but our local authorities, our leaders who I met in the summer, want to undertake that role.

But, of course, the problem is that the Home Office seems to be incapable of getting this right. We have to depend very much on the Home Office, and the Home Office's provider—a private sector provider—that is seeking access to hotels, very inappropriately as we know with Stradey Park, and a lack of information. And that, of course, leads to community cohesion difficulties, experienced in your constituency in terms of Northop Hall. If they could not only engage more fully in terms of community support and information, which we pressed and pressed for and we managed to get that community information Q&A eventually after weeks of that conflict and the community difficulties that have been placed in Llanelli because the Home Office just would not explain what was happening, who was coming, when they were coming, quite apart from the fact that I said that they had made everybody in that hotel redundant—lost jobs that caused so much community concern and loss.

So, what we've got to do, and what we've said with local authorities to the Home Office, is to better understand the scope and scale of the issue to enable other bodies to have that advanced information as far as possible to make sure that—. Actually, in terms of their commitment in recent weeks, they said that they will address that backlog in terms of the asylum considerations. We need to actually see, 'Well, is this going to make a difference?'—175,000 at present. This is where we have to ensure that there is a change.

Now, of course, there are important things that are developing in terms of our transitional capital grant aid, which has been made available by the Minister for Climate Change. Can I say that I chair the nation of sanctuary ministerial board and, of course—in fact, we're having a meeting tomorrow—we cover all of the issues that I've outlined in my report: updates on Ukraine and the fact that we are managing, with the help of all local authorities, the third sector and communities and host families, to support Ukrainian guests here. And I met with many of them in Caerphilly only 10 days ago, and talked about the issues that are affecting them.

The transitional accommodation capital programme is funding a range of projects, including bringing empty properties back into use. That's a key route to it as well as the modular housing, remodelling and converting existing building acquisitions, and the modular units we've seen are not only in Cardiff, but the Minister for Climate Change was visiting some of the developments in the summer and, indeed, there are modular developments across Wales. But it is true also that local authorities are looking to those other aspects and prospects in terms of empty properties.

The most depressing aspect of politics, in my opinion, is when vulnerable people are used as political footballs. Their lives, interests and well-being are not seen in a human context but in an ideological context. How often over the last months have we seen those who have had to risk their very lives to get to our shores, risk the lives of their children, because there are no safe and legal routes for them? How often have we seen the needs and welfare of these desperate people, who are our brothers and sisters, reduced to political pawns, the subject of nakedly populist rhetoric designed not to help address their needs but to win elections? It's depressing and completely incongruous with Wales's commitment to being a nation of sanctuary.

Those who support refugees, like the chief executive of Care4Calais, has said that instead of injecting some decency and compassion into the debate about refugees last week, UK Labour chose to mirror the gimmicks and divisive rhetoric employed by the Conservatives. Do you agree, Minister, that Keir Starmer's self-stated main aim of ensuring that people did not make it across the channel in the first place, that his focus to 'smash the gangs', and choice of language, is, in the words of the new president of the TUC, Matt Wrack, in danger of pandering to the right-wing Tory rhetoric on immigration?

You say in your statement that you want to see a heavier focus on principles in the refreshed 'Nation of Sanctuary' plan. Do you agree with Plaid Cymru that we must champion a different approach to refugees that emphasises the importance of a shared humanity that underpins the refugee convention? Your Government want Wales to be a nation of sanctuary, yet Keir Starmer opposes devolving key powers to Wales to make this ambition a reality, such as welfare and social security. If we want to build a compassionate country that supports refugees, do you agree we must have the powers to do so? We must have the powers to support those principles.

Despite the tough rhetoric, Keir Starmer hasn't outlined how he will address the real issues facing refugees and asylum seekers, such as the need for better accommodation, better accessibility of legal advice, and how the human rights of people will be respected as part of any returns agreement with the EU. So, if we do see a UK Labour Government after the next general election, how will the Welsh Labour Government ensure that Wales remains a nation of sanctuary, and what conversations have you had with the Labour leader about how his stance might affect the Welsh Government's approach to asylum seekers?

I want to associate Plaid Cymru with your comments, Minister, about the team Wales approach. But, as I raised last week with you the situation we have seen develop in Llanelli, which Members will have seen there, and indeed outside our Senedd today, the dangers of the UK's misguided and cruel policies have led to disinformation creating division, hatred and racism, and far-right groups, as you say, taking advantage of local people's concerns. You say in your statement you'll offer a better way of doing things, which I take to mean supporting people in our communities. So, how will you support local authorities to do so? What practical steps, as well as ensuring better information, as you just outlined, can you take?

Diolch yn fawr, Sioned Williams. Thank you for your ongoing support for our vision of a nation of sanctuary. It's not just a vision; it's actually how we are delivering on our nation of sanctuary principles and recommendations and actions, which, as I said in my statement, go back to 2019 when we embarked on this journey for Wales to become a nation of sanctuary, and also to recognise that this is not just Welsh Government led, although I'm very proud that the Welsh Government is leading on the nation of sanctuary principles, but that, across Wales, so many organisations, cities, colleges, schools, towns and villages are also engaging with the city of sanctuary movement, and also embracing this in terms of the work that they do. It's very much part of our 'Anti-racist Wales Action Plan' in terms of our seeking to be an anti-racist nation as part of our nation of sanctuary. But we have to deliver on this with our partners. We deliver on this with our partners in local government specifically. But also, clearly, it is not devolved, as you say, in terms of the powers that we have, so it is about how we then engage not only in terms of our local authorities and our partners in Wales, our Welsh strategic migration partnership, which is obviously linked to and funded by the Home Office, but about how we engage with the UK Government.

I've already expressed my opposition—my wholly strong opposition—to the illegal migration Act, as it is now, and previously the Nationality and Borders Act 2022. I am very pleased to see, in terms of some of the responses from the Labour leader, Keir Starmer, that they would be seeking to work together with the European Union. This is crucially important in terms of policy for the future, because we need a new Government in Westminster to take this forward, and also the assurance that there would be no use of hotels, barges or military sites as asylum accommodation. I'm sure you would have welcomed that statement, as well as recruiting more than 1,000 Home Office caseworkers to clear the asylum backlog. And it's absolutely crucial to scrap the Rwanda policy, and to look at ways in which we can tackle that people smuggling and support those who are in desperate need. But it is important that we recognise that shared humanity and that we influence policy, and I believe that, working with our local authorities, that's what we're going to be doing with our dispersal scheme, and working with local authorities to present, as I said, to the Home Office a way forward that we believe would make a difference.

In terms of the welcome ticket, I'm glad that you've raised that today, because the welcome ticket is something that is unique to Wales. We've extended the welcome ticket to March 2024. Further conversations, of course, are going on about the long-term future of the scheme. It's very much dependent on the bus transition fund, and conversations are continuing to find a way forward. I'm very concerned about the case that you mentioned, Sioned, in Swansea in recent weeks, and we're aware that denial of travel is not an isolated incident. We've had other incidents. So, we're now working, I can assure you, with travel operators across Wales and have reminded them about eligibility, and that participation in the welcome ticket is a condition of bus transition fund investment. That's a powerful tool. Bus funding is only available with that participation in the welcome ticket, and of course that also means, as I think I mentioned last week in response to questions, that Transport for Wales is engaging with Race Council Cymru on training, and we need to ensure that the 'Anti-racist Wales Action Plan' is being implemented at every level of the delivery of public transport. So, again, exploring what training or information can be available to all transport staff in their new future to help prevent such incidents happening again. But it's important that it is brought to our attention in this way so that we can address it.

And finally, John Griffiths.

Diolch, Dirprwy Lywydd. Thank you, Minister, for your statement, and I very much agree with you that we need all sections of society and organisations in Wales to come forward and support the nation of sanctuary that we are. And in that light, Minister, you mentioned schools, and I wonder if you would agree with me that it's really important that schools set a good example, for the current time and the future, in their activities around these matters, and join me in praising Lliswerry High School in Newport East, who held a cultural week from 19 to 23 June, with a range of activities, special assemblies on culture in the community, activities in the classroom, competitions, a concert, sporting activities, and a day when pupils and staff were encouraged to and did come into school in national dress. I do believe they set a very good example. They serve a multicultural area, Minister, and they have refugees and asylum seekers at the school, and I'm sure you will join me in praising their contribution to making Wales a true nation of sanctuary.

I thank John Griffiths, and, I think, in all our constituencies, we've got those schools of sanctuary. I certainly visited many during the schools of sanctuary week. What inspiring young people—Lliswerry High School—with their cultural week. And can I congratulate them? I know what they did is going to be reflected in the way they think, work and learn throughout the whole year, not just during sanctuary week. But we have a lot to be proud of, a lot to build on, in Wales, and I know that that is where we turn to give our support to our schools, local authorities, our colleges, universities, our town and county councils, and, indeed, those in the communities and in neighbourhoods who are supporting our sanctuary seekers here in Wales.

I thank the Minister. Item 7 is next, the Welsh Language Standards (No. 9) Regulations 2023. And I call on the Minister for Education and the Welsh Language to move the motion—Jeremy Miles.

Thank you, Dirprwy Lywydd. It's a pleasure to open this debate on the Welsh Language Standards (No. 9) Regulations 2023, which enable the Welsh Language Commissioner to impose standards on water companies. Over 130 bodies are already captured by standards. Including companies providing water to the public in Wales under the standards system will move us into a new sector and a new area.

The regulations have been prepared specifically for water companies. The standards focus on the services provided by those companies to the public, which have the potential to increase the use of the Welsh language. We have prepared standards that encompass the various ways in which the public communicate with these companies.

It's worth noting that, for the first time, we have included standards for online conversation in the regulations. It's important that we keep up with technological developments as we prepare our regulations, and as water companies, like many other sectors, make increasing use of online chat to communicate with customers, it was important to include standards for those services. Standards for apps are also included in the regulations—another example of how standards can help to normalise the use of the Welsh language in technological developments.

The four companies providing water in Wales are at different places in terms of Welsh-language provision. Dŵr Cymru Welsh Water has a long history of providing quality Welsh-language services, and it's an example of good practice to bodies in other sectors. They and Hafren Dyfrdwy have been following a language scheme for many years. I expect them, therefore, to transfer smoothly to the standards regime. The other two companies, Leep Utilities and Icosa Water, don't currently have a language scheme. Wherever the companies are on their language journey, I know that the commissioner and other partners, such as the National Center for Learning Welsh, will be at hand to help all companies to increase capacity to provide Welsh-language services and to help them to provide quality services.

May I thank the Legislation, Justice and Constitution Committee for scrutinising the regulations before summer recess? Following the receipt of the committee's report, I decided to re-lay an amended version of the explanatory memorandum. The explanatory memorandum now makes it clear which four companies are captured under the regulations at the moment. We haven't named the companies in the regulations because we want the commissioner to be able to impose standards on any new company that would provide water to the public in Wales in the future. Naming the companies in the regulations would limit the commissioner's ability to set standards on new companies if the structure of the sector were to change in future.

The co-operation agreement between the Government and Plaid Cymru commits to preparing standards for specific sectors and bodies, including the water companies. Introducing these regulations before the Senedd today is a further step in delivering that.

The Chair of the Legislation, Justice and Constitution Committee, Huw Irranca-Davies.

Thank you, Llywydd. We considered these regulations on 11 September, and our report is available from today's agenda to inform Members in this afternoon's debate.

Our report on the regulations contains just two merits points, only one of which required a response from Welsh Government, and I'm very grateful for the response that we received.

Now, as the Minister has outlined, these regulations specify the standards in relation to the conduct of water and sewerage undertakers set out in Schedule 4 to the regulations, which are referred to in the regulations as 'bodies'.

Now, the first of our merits reporting points notes that the meaning of 'body' in these regulations is a person who falls within one or both of the categories of persons listed in Schedule 4. Schedule 4 lists persons who provide water or sewerage services to the public and who, by virtue of an appointment under section 6 of the Water Industry Act 1991 or by virtue of a variation of such an appointment under section 7 of that Act, are water or sewerage undertakers for the whole or any part of Wales.

Now, a member of the public reading these regulations cannot easily identify the bodies that fall within Schedule 4, and whilst we recognise that Schedule 4 replicates indeed the wording in the Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011, and that the bodies falling within Schedule 4, as the Minister has said, can change, we consider that it would allow for greater accessibility if the bodies currently falling within Schedule 4—currently falling within Schedule 4—were listed by name. But, in response, the Welsh Government indeed told us that the decision not to list the current companies that fall within that Schedule to the regulations by name was made in order to ensure the longevity of the regulations. So, in the Government's view, listing those companies by name might require amendment regulations to be made and/or cause ambiguity indeed, if a new water and/or sewerage undertaker started providing services, for example.

In addition, Welsh Government told us that it's only once a body has to comply with the compliance notice given by the Welsh Language Commissioner that any such duties or rights arise. So, as such, it would be at that point that the public would be made aware by the Welsh Language Commissioner of which bodies have to comply with those standards.

So, whilst the Welsh Government does not accept that the draft regulations present any issue in respect of accessibility of the law, we note that the explanatory memorandum, as the Minister has said—and we welcome that—has been amended so as to include a list of all the bodies currently captured by the definition at Schedule 4 to the regulations.

And briefly, our second merits reporting point noted that the Welsh Ministers held a public consultation on a draft version of these regulations between 15 February 2023 and 5 April 2023, and that, as this was the second consultation on draft standards for water and sewerage undertakers, the Welsh Ministers consulted for a period of seven weeks, which is shorter than usual, but it was the second consultation on these. Diolch yn fawr iawn, Llywydd.

I thank the Minister for this afternoon's statement. I do think it's important in terms of what you said about normalising the use of the Welsh language in our daily lives, and things such as apps and websites are just as important as getting forms in your language of choice, because it's very easy, online or on an app, to find your language of choice, and I think that's to be warmly welcomed. And I think that digital use and day-to-day use is what will ensure that we reach the target of a million Welsh speakers, but also the target in terms of the use of the Welsh language, because that's the most important thing here.

Clearly, before the co-operation agreement, the standards regime had come to a halt since 2018, and it's good to see these recommencing, because, as we've heard, there are clear benefits to ensuring that the services are available. You can't separate having a firm foundation in place from the aspiration to give people the opportunity to use the Welsh language, and for some this may mean that it isn't as important as some of the battles we are fighting, but it is important in terms of normalisation.

Can I ask you, therefore—you've mentioned the co-operation agreement and that we're working on a number of different sets of regulations—can you give us an update on the work that's happening on the other regulations, such as the rail companies, for example?

Oh, yes. The Minister.

Thank you, Llywydd. [Laughter.] Thank you for considering these regulations today. Although we're not going to regulate our way to the prosperity of the language, these standards and regulations do have a role to play. They allow the Welsh Language Commissioner to consider where all companies are on their language journey before imposing the final standards on them. That's important, and it might be of interest to Huw Irranca-Davies to know that there will be an opportunity for a discussion between the commissioner and the companies before the commissioner does impose standards on them. And it's important that the commissioner will consider what's reasonable for each company, but also will assist them to improve their services through the medium of Welsh. That support is very important. After they've had a compliance notice, there will be at least six months for them to make any improvements that they need to make in order to comply fully with the standards, so taking the next step on their language journey.

To answer the question from Heledd Fychan, the co-operation agreement, which deals with the standards within the agreement, does prioritise bodies that need standards prepared for them. The next bodies that we will deal with will be public bodies that don't come under the standards at present, and then housing associations and rail companies after that. So, I do hope that you will support these regulations today, which provide a stronger legislative foundation and confirm the rights of Welsh speakers.

The proposal, therefore, is to agree the motion. Does any Member object? No, there are no objections. And therefore those regulations are agreed.

The next item will be the motion to agree the financial resolution in respect of the general principles of the Environment (Air Quality and Soundscapes) (Wales) Bill. The Deputy Minister for Climate Change to move the motion—Lee Waters.

Diolch, Llywydd. You determined that a financial resolution needed to be laid for the Environment (Air Quality and Soundscapes) (Wales) Bill. The regulatory impact assessment that forms part of the explanatory memorandum outlines the financial impact associated with the implementation of this Bill, and as set out in the regulatory impact assessment, the most significant costs arise out of the target-setting provisions in the Bill, and the related monitoring costs. These costs are scaleable.

In terms of administrative costs, the majority of the direct costs are anticipated to fall to the Welsh Government. These costs include staff costs to implement provisions in the Bill, costs associated with establishing a set of air quality targets, ongoing costs to monitor air quality, and a fund to support local authorities to develop the local air quality management regime. Some implementation costs will fall to the local authorities, and it is intended that these will be met through the annual £1 million local air quality management fund.

I'd like to take this opportunity to thank the Finance Committee for its scrutiny of the Bill, and its published report. I've fully considered all the recommendations. As well as responding to these during the general principles debate, we have provided the additional information that the report's recommendation requested. I will lay an amended explanatory memorandum and regulatory impact assessment ahead of Stage 3, as required by Standing Orders. I ask the Senedd to agree the financial resolution in respect of the Environment (Air Quality and Soundscapes) (Wales) Bill. Diolch.

The Chair of the Finance Committee, Peredur Owen Griffiths.

Thank you, Llywydd. I very much welcome the opportunity to participate in today’s debate on the financial resolution for this Bill, and I'd like to thank the Minister for his response to the committee. I expressed the Finance Committee’s views on the costs relating to the Bill during last week’s debate, and I do not wish to repeat those issues again. However, I want to briefly reiterate our support for the principle of holding the debate on the financial resolution of a Bill at least a week following the debate on the general principles, rather than immediately afterwards, as is normally the case. As I mentioned last week, I would like to ask the Minister to persuade his colleagues in the Government to consider applying this approach to all future Bills, so that more time is provided to enable the Senedd to consider the financial implications of a Bill in more detail on the floor of this Chamber. This is especially important when the estimates involved are significant. Thank you very much.

I have no further speakers. Does the Deputy Minister wish to respond to that?

Diolch. I thank the Chair for his comments, and of course we will consider his request. I ask the Senedd to agree the financial resolution in respect of the Bill.

The proposal is to agree the motion. Does any Member object? [Objection.] Yes, there is objection, and therefore we will hold a vote at voting time.

That brings us immediately to voting time, and unless three Members wish for the bell to be rung, we will move to voting time. There is just one vote this afternoon, on the item that we have just discussed, namely the motion to agree the financial resolution in respect of the general principles of the Environment (Air Quality and Soundscapes) (Wales) Bill. I call for a vote, therefore, on the motion, tabled in the name of Lee Waters. Open the vote. Close the vote. In favour 38, no abstentions, 14 against, and therefore the motion is agreed.

That brings our business to a close.